陈敏;丁丽;冯琳;王惠群;李平;

• 1:贵州医科大学公共卫生学院
• 2:中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

系统采集典型汞污染地区(铅锌冶炼、金矿冶炼和燃煤电厂)食物样品(大米、蔬菜和鱼肉) 409个,测定其总汞含量以评估当地居民食物摄入汞暴露的健康风险。结果显示:铅锌冶炼地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为5.99μg·kg~(-1)(3.02～30.7μg·kg~(-1)),仅有1个样品总汞含量超过我国大米汞限量标准(20μg·kg~(-1)),蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为0.646～5.44μg·kg~(-1)和1.80～26.4μg·kg~(-1),均未超过我国食品汞限量标准;金矿冶炼地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为4.46μg·kg~(-1)(3.13～8.67μg·kg~(-1)),蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为0.760～7.83μg·kg~(-1)和1.59～21.9μg·kg~(-1),所有食物均未超过我国食品汞限量标准;燃煤电厂地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为3.63μg·kg~(-1)(1.05～11.4μg·kg~(-1)),蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为1.12～3.78μg·kg~(-1)和2.24～12.3μg·kg~(-1),所有食物均未超过我国食品汞限量标准。铅锌冶炼、金矿冶炼和燃煤电厂3个地区居民通过食用食物(大米、鱼肉和蔬菜途径)总汞摄入量的均值分别为0.068、0.038和0.031μg·d~(-1)·kg~(-1),均未超出联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的人体安全总汞摄入量0.71μg·d~(-1)·kg~(-1);表明3个研究地区居民汞暴露的风险较低。大米汞摄入量占3个地区居民食物总汞摄入量的比例分别为77.2%、70.8%和71.4%,食用大米是当地居民汞暴露的主要途径。

关键词(KeyWords)： 总汞;汞污染地区;健康风险;食物;摄入量

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41622208)

作者(Author): 陈敏;丁丽;冯琳;王惠群;李平;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Lindqvist O. Mercury as a global pollutant:Referred papers from the international conference held in Gaule,Sweden,June 11-13,1990[J]. Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1991,56:11-13
• [2] Schroeder W H,Munthe J. Atmospheric mercury:An overview[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998, 32:809-822
• [3]胡海燕，冯新斌，曾永平，等．汞的微生物甲基化研究进展[J]．生态学杂志，2011,30(5):874-882Hu H Y,Feng X B,Zeng Y P,et al. Progress in research on microbial methylation of mercury[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(5):874-882(in Chinese)
• [4] Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme and United Nations Environment Programme(AMAP/UNEP).Technical background report for the global mercury assessment[R]. Geneva,Switzerland:AMAP/UNEP,2013
• [5] United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP). Minamata Convention on Mercury[R]. Minamata,Japan:UNEP,2013
• [6] Mergler D,Anderson A H,Chan H M,et al. Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans:A worldwide concern[J]. AMBIO,2007,36:3-11
• [7] Fu Z,Wu F,Amarasiriwardena D,et al. Antimony arsenic and mercury in the aquatic environment and fish in a large antimony mining area Hunan,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(16):3403-3410
• [8] Zhu L,Yan B,Wang L,et al. Mercury concentration in the muscle of seven fish species from Chagn Lake,Northeast China[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2012,184(3):1299-1310
• [9]余杨，王雨春，周怀东，等．三峡水库蓄水初期鱼体汞含量及其水生食物链累积特征[J]．生态学报，2013,33(13):4059-4067Yu Y,Wang Y C,Zhou H D,et al. Mercury contents in fish and its biomagnification in the food web in Three Gorges Reservoir after 175 m impoundment[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(13):4059-4067(in Chinese)
• [10] Pan K,Chan H,Yin K T,et al. Low mercury levels in marine fish from estuarine and coastal environments in southern China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2014,185(4):250-257
• [11] Liu B,Yan H Y,Wang C P,et al. Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir,Guizhou Reservoirs,China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2012,160(1):109-117
• [12] Qiu G L,Feng X B,Li P,et al. Methylmercury accumulation in rice grown at abandoned mercury mines in Guizhou,China[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2008,56(7):2465-2468
• [13] Feng X B,Li P,Qiu G L,et al. Human exposure to methylmercury through rice intake in mercury mining areas,Guizhou Province,China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(1):326-332
• [14] Li P,Feng X B,Qiu G L,et al. Mercury exposure and symptoms in smelting workers of artisanal mercury mines in Wuchuan,Guizhou,China[J]. Environmental Research,2008,107(1):108-114
• [15] Li P,Feng X B,Qiu G L,et al. Mercury exposure in the population from Wuchuan mercury mining area,Guizhou,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2008,395(2-3):72-79
• [16] Zhang H,Feng X B,Larssen T,et al. Bioaccumulation of methylmercury versus inorganic mercury in rice grain[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(12):4499-4504
• [17] Zhang H,Feng X B,Larssen T,et al. In inland China,rice,rather than fish,is the major pathway for methylmercury exposure[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2010,118(9):1183-1188
• [18] Li L,Wang F Y,Meng B,et al. Speciation of methylmercury in rice grown from a mercury mining area[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(10):3103-3107
• [19] Li P,Feng X B,Qiu G L. Methylmercury exposure and health effects from rice and fish consumption:A review[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(6):2666-2691
• [20] Li P,Feng X B,Yuan X B,et al. Rice consumption contributes to low level methylmercury exposure in southern China[J]. Environment International,2012,49(1):18-23
• [21] Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme and United Nations Environment Programme(AMAP/UNEP).Technical background report to the global atmospheric mercury assessment[R]. Geneva, Switzerland:AMAP/UNEP,2008
• [22]吴晓云，郑有飞，林克思．我国大气环境中汞污染现状[J]．中国环境科学，2015,35(9):2623-2635Wu X Y,Zheng Y F,Lin K S. Chinese atmospheric mercury pollution status[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(9):2623-2635(in Chinese)
• [23] Pacyna E G,Pacyna J M,Sundseth K,et al. Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(20):2487-2499
• [24] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Li G L,et al. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of speciated atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1978—2014[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016, 50(24):13428-13435
• [25] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Zhang L,et al. Flow analysis of the mercury associated with nonferrous ore concentrates:Implications on mercury emissions and recovery in China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(4):1796-1803
• [26] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Zhang L,et al. Update of mercury emissions from China’s primary zinc,lead and copper smelters 2000~2010[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(22):11153-11163
• [27]惠霂霖，张磊，王祖光，等．中国燃煤电厂汞的物质流向与汞排放研究[J]．中国环境科学，2015,35(8):2241-2250Hui M L,Zhang L,Wang Z G,et al. The mercury mass flow and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2241-2250(in Chinese)
• [28] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Yang M,et al. Mercury flows in large-scale gold production and implications for Hg pollution control[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,68:91-99
• [29] Li X Y,Li Z G,Lin C J,et al. Health risks of heavy metal exposure through vegetable consumption near a large-scale Pb/Zn smelter in central China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,161:99-110
• [30] Li Z G,Feng X B,Li G H,et al. Mercury and other metal and metalloid soil contamination near a Pb/Zn smelter in east Hunan Province,China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2011,26:160-166
• [31]贞丰县人民政府网．贞丰县优势资源概况[EB/OL].[2018-09-06]. http://www. gzzf. gov. cn/zftz/cyjs/201803/t20180316_3204575.html
• [32]普定县人民政府网．投资环境[EB/OL].(2018-04-27)[2018-09-06]. http://www. aspd. gov. cn/wsfw/ggfw/zsyz/tzhj/201608/t20160826_1233667.html
• [33]闫海鱼，冯新斌，李仲根，等．半封闭溶样冷原子荧光测定鱼体中总汞分析方法的建立[J]．地球与环境，2005,33(1):89-92Yan H Y,Feng X B,Li Z G,et al. A methodological development in measuring total mercury in fish using semiclosed digestion and CVAFS[J]. Earth and Environment,2005,33(1):89-92(in Chinese)
• [34]中华人民共和国国家统计局．中国统计年鉴[M]．北京:中国统计出版社，2017:6-33
• [35]顾景范．《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015)》解读[J]．营养学报，2016,38(6):525-529Gu J F. Interpretation of the Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents(2015)[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2016,38(6):525-529(in Chinese)
• [36] Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA). Methylmercury in safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants[R]. Geneva:World Health Organization,2000:4-48
• [37] Qiu G L,Feng X B,Wang S F,et al. Environmental contamination of mercury from Hg mining areas in Wuchuan,northeastern Guizhou,China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):549-558
• [38]王娅，李平，吴永贵，等．万山汞矿区大米汞污染及人体甲基汞暴露风险[J]．生态学杂志，2015,34(5):1396-1401Wang Y,Li P,Wu Y G,et al. Mercury pollution in rice and related risk of human methylmercury exposure in Wanshan mercury mining area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(5):1396-1401(in Chinese)
• [39]吴清茹，王书肖，王玉晶．中国有色金属冶炼行业大气汞排放趋势预测[J]．中国环境科学，2017,37(7):2401-2413Wu Q R,Wang S X,Wang Y J. Projections of atmospheric mercury emission trends in China’s nonferrous metalsing industry[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2401-2413(in Chinese)
• [40] Yang M,Wang S X,Zhang L,et al. Mercury emission and speciation from industrial gold production using roasting process[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,170:72-77
• [41]刘建中，邓一明，邱林，等．中国第一个Ⅰ类型卡林型金矿床:水银洞金矿地质[J]．矿床地质，2006,25(增刊):175-178Liu J Z,Deng Y M,Qiu L,et al. Geological characteristics of the Shuiyindong gold deposit,the first I-type Carlin-type gold deposit in China[J]. Mineral Deposits,2006,25(suppl.):175-178(in Chinese)
• [42]刁星，苑春刚，桂兵，等．燃煤电厂固体废弃物中汞分布特征及排放量估算[J]．环境化学，2016,35(2):229-236Diao X,Yuan C G,Gui B,et al. Mercury distribution in solid waste and mercury emission estimation from coalfired power plants[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(2):229-236(in Chinese)
• [43]张成，张雅惠，王永敏，等．重庆市燃煤电厂汞排放特征及排放量[J]．环境科学，2017,38(2):495-501Zhang C,Zhang Y H,Wang Y M,et al. Characteristics of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in chongqing[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(2):495-501(in Chinese)
• [44]王磊，王李娟．我国燃煤电厂汞污染防治现状及建议[J]．环境科学与技术，2014,37(S2):285-289Wang L,Wang L J. Current situation and advice of coalfired power plants mercury pollution prevention in China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S2):285-289(in Chinese)
• [45]郑剑铭，周劲松，何胜，等．燃煤电厂汞排放对周边环境的影响[J]．化工学报，2009,60(12):3104-3111Zheng J M,Zhou J S,He S,et al. Environmental impact of mercury emission from a coal-fired power plant[J].CIESC Journal,2009,60(12):3104-3111(in Chinese)
• [46]高兰兰，傅成诚，冯新斌，等．贵州东部某燃煤电厂汞排放对周边环境空气及土壤的影响[J]．中国环境监测，2018,34(3):51-58Gao L L,Fu C C,Feng X B,et al. Mercury influence of a coal-fired power plants in east Guizhou on the ambient air and soil[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(3):51-58(in Chinese)
• [47]李筱薇，高俊全，陈君石．2000年中国总膳食研究——膳食汞摄入量[J]．卫生研究，2006,35(3):323-325Li X W,Gao J Q,Chen J S. Chinese total diet study in2000—The dietary mercuric intakes[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2006,35(3):323-325(in Chinese)