我国水生生物的二甲苯基准阈值探讨及其在风险评估中的初步应用Derivation of Freshwater Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Xylene and Their Preliminary Application in Risk Assessment in China
刘婷婷;郑欣;闫振广;刘征涛;
摘要(Abstract):
搜集筛选了二甲苯对我国淡水生物的急、慢性毒性数据。物种涵盖了昆虫类、甲壳动物类、鱼类、两栖动物类、环节动物类、软体动物类、轮虫类和浮游植物类。数据分析表明,甲壳类生物对二甲苯最为敏感。采用美国水生生物基准技术对二甲苯水质基准进行推算,得出保护我国淡水生物的二甲苯急性基准域值为1.41 mg·L-1,慢性基准为0.57 mg·L-1。基于获得的二甲苯基准值对我国部分流域二甲苯的暴露生态风险进行初步评估,结果表明二甲苯并未对这些水体中的水生生物造成潜在风险。本研究将为二甲苯水质标准的制修订和流域水环境管理提供技术支持。
关键词(KeyWords): 水生态系统;水质基准;物种敏感度分布;生态风险评估;二甲苯
基金项目(Foundation): 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-003-06);; 科技部科技基础性工作专项(2014FY120600)
作者(Author): 刘婷婷;郑欣;闫振广;刘征涛;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定[J].环境监测管理与技术,1992,3(4):18-20
- [2]毛跟年,许牡丹,黄建文.环境中有毒有害物质与分析检测[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:122-124
- [3]吕丹瑜,刘雅琼,刘宁,等.二甲苯对妊娠小鼠及胚胎发育的毒性作用[J].解剖学报,2006,37(3):355-359Lv D Y,Liu Y Q,Liu N,et al.Toxic effects of xylene on pregnancy and embryonic development of mice[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2006,37(3):355-359(in Chinese)
- [4]Campbell M,Kim A N.Evidence on the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Xylene[M].Oakland:Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency,2012:36-46
- [5]Verschueren K.Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,Limited,1983:3110-3182
- [6]Ferrando M D,Andreu-Moliner E.Acute toxicity of toluene,hexane,xylene,and benzene to the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus plica Tilis[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1992,49:266-271
- [7]范亚维,周启星.水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯对斑马鱼的毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(1):136-141Fan Y W,Zhou Q X.Toxic effects of toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene in waters on zebrafish Brachydanio rerio[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(1):136-141(in Chinese)
- [8]范亚维,周启星,王媛媛,等.水体BTEX污染对大型溞和霍普水丝蚓的毒性效应及水环境安全评价[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(7):1485-1490Fan Y W,Zhou Q X,Wang Y Y,et al.Toxic effects of BTEX in water on Daphnia magna and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and safety assessment of the aquatic environment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(7):1485-1490(in Chinese)
- [9]周彤.基于三种水生生物的我国水环境BTEX基准研究[D].天津:南开大学,2011:27-47Zhou T.Research of ambient water quality criteria for BTEX in China based on three kinds of aquatic life[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2011:27-47(in Chinese)
- [10]World Health Organization.Guidelines for drinking-water quality[R].Geneva:WHO,2008
- [11]国家环境保护总局.GB3838—2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
- [12]张倪.反思各地PX现象[N].中国经济时报,2013-5-17(7)
- [13]封佳俊.对二甲苯(PX)项目中国发展现状与思考[D].上海:上海外国语大学,2014:24Feng J J.The development situation and reflection on PX products in China[D].Shanghai:Shanghai International Studies University,2014:24(in Chinese)
- [14]US Environmental Protection Agency.Quality Criteria for Water[M].Washington DC:Office of Water Regulations and Standards,1986:1-477
- [15]CCREM(Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers).Canadian water quality guidelines[R].Winnipeg,Manitoba:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment,1999
- [16]张瑞卿,吴丰昌,李会仙,等.中外水质基准发展趋势和存在的问题[J].生态学杂志,2010,29:2049-2056Zhang R Q,Wu F C,Li H X,et al.Water quality criteria at home and abroad:Development trend and existed problems[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29:2049-2056(in Chinese)
- [17]吴丰昌,孟伟,宋永会,等.中国湖泊水环境基准的研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(12):2385-2393Wu F C,Meng W,Song Y H,et al.Research progress in lake water quality criteria in China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(12):2385-2393(in Chinese)
- [18]冯承莲,吴丰昌,赵晓丽,等.水质基准研究与进展[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(5):646-656Feng C L,Wu F C,Zhao X L,et al.Water quality criteria research and progress[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,42(5):646-656(in Chinese)
- [19]Feng C L,Wu F C,Zhao X L,et al.Water quality criteria research and progress[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):882-891
- [20]Yin D Q,Hu S Q,Jin H J,et al.Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-triehlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2003,52:67-73
- [21]Yin D Q,Jin H J,Yu L W,et al.Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-diehlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,122:217-222
- [22]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.锌对淡水生物的毒性特征与水质基准的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):367-382Wu F C,Feng C L,Cao Y J,et al.Toxicity characteristic of zinc to freshwater biota and its water qualitycriteria[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(4):367-382(in Chinese)
- [23]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.我国铜的淡水生物水质基准研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(6):617-628Wu F C,Feng C L,Cao Y J,et al.Aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for copper in China[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(6):617-628(in Chinese)
- [24]吴丰昌,孟伟,曹宇静,等.镉的淡水生物水质基准研究[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(2):172-184Wu F C,Meng W,Cao Y J,et al.Derivation of aquatic life water quality criteria for cadmium in freshwater in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(2):172-184(in Chinese)
- [25]吴丰昌,孟伟,张瑞卿,等.保护淡水水生生物硝基苯水质基准研究[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(1):1-10Wu F C,Meng W,Zhang X Q,et al.Aquatic life water quality criteria for nitrobenzene in freshwater[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(1):1-10(in Chinese)
- [26]吴丰昌,冯承莲,张瑞卿,等.我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(5):665-672 Feng C L,Wu F C,Zhao X L,et al.Derivation of water quality criteria for representative water-body pollutants in China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,42(5):665-672(in Chinese)
- [27]闫振广,孟伟,刘征涛,等.我国淡水生物氨氮基准研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1564-1570Yan Z G,Meng W,Liu Z T,et al.Development of freshwater aquatic life criteria for ammonia in China[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1564-1570(in Chinese)
- [28]Leeuwen L J V,Vermeire T G.Risk Assessment of Chemicals:An Introduction(2nd Edition)[M].Bilthoven:Springer,2007:338-341
- [29]张思锋,刘晗梦.生态风险评价方法述评[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2735-2744Zhang S F,Liu H M.Review of ecological risk assessment methods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2735-2744(in Chinese)
- [30]US Environmental Protection Agency.ECOTOX Database[EB/OL].(2014-10-10)[2014-10-10].http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
- [31]周启星,罗义.我国水环境BTEX污染的修复限值研究[R].天津:南开大学,2013
- [32]李学峰,周启星,罗义.甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯对中华新米虾的毒性效应[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(3):530-537Li X F,Zhou Q X,Luo Y.Toxic effects of toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene on Neocaridina denticulata sinensis[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(3):530-537(in Chinese)
- [33]黄晓容,钟成华,邓春光.苯胺、二甲苯和硝基苯对白鲢的急性毒性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(25):10908-10909Huang X R,Zhong C H,Deng C G.The preliminary experiment on acute toxicities of aniline,xylene and nitrobenzene to silver carp[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2008,36(25):10908-10909(in Chinese)
- [34]Ogata M,Hobara T.A new direct method for colorimetric determination of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid as indices of toluene and m-xylene,and its application to workers using thinner[J].Industrial Health,1979,17:61-72
- [35]Ogata M,Fujisawa K,Ogino Y,et al.Partition coefficients as a measure of bioconcentration potential of crude oil compounds in fish and shellfish[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1984,33:561-567
- [36]Sanborn H R,Malins D C.The disposition of aromatic hydrocarbonsin adult spot shrimp(Pandalus platyceros)and the formation of metabolites of naphthalene in adult and larval spot shrimp[J].Xenobiotica,1980,10:193-200
- [37]李巍,郝立波,陆继龙,等.第二松花江中下游水体中苯系物含量及分布特征[J].环境保护科学,2008,34(2):18-20Li W,Hao L B,Lu J L,et al.Content and distribution characteristics of BTEX of water body in middle and lower reaches of second Songhua River[J].Environment Protection Science,2008,34(2):18-20(in Chinese)
- [38]王若师,张娴,许秋瑾,等.东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地有机污染物健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2874-2883Wang R S,Zhang X,Xu Q J,et al.Health risk assessment of organic pollutants in typical township drinking water sources of Dongjiang River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2874-2883(in Chinese)
- [39]王子健,吕怡兵,王毅,等.淮河水体取代苯类污染及其生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):300-304Wang Z J,Lv Y B,Wang Y,et al.Assessing the ecological risk of substituted benzenes in Huaihe River,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2002,22(3):300-304(in Chinese)
- [40]吴宗龙,张苗云.金华江流域有机污染物监测与调查分析[C].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2005
- [41]潘静,黄毅,杨永亮,等.沈阳地区地表水、浅层地下水及沿岸土壤中苯系物的污染分布[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(1):14-19Pan J,Huang Y,Yang R L,et al.Contamination distribution of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene insurface water,shallow groundwater and the adjacent soils from Shenyang area[J].Research of Environment Sciences,2010,23(1):14-19(in Chinese)
- [42]尚菊红.长治市地表水及工业废水中苯系物的监测[J].环境科学动态,2005(1):50-52
- [43]US Environmental Protection Agency.Guidelines for deriving numerical national water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses(PB85-227049)[R].Washington DC:US EPA,1985:1-98
- [44]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.A protocol for the derivation of water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life 2007[R].Ottawa,Canada:CCME,2007:1-37
- [45]闫振广,刘征涛,孟伟.辽河流域六价铬和无机汞应急水质标准研究[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(3):26-32Yan Z G,Liu Z T,Meng W.Development of emergency water quality standards for Cr6+and Hg2+in Liaohe River basin[J].Chinese Engineering Science,2013,15(3):26-32(in Chinese)
- [46]International Organization of Standardization.Water Quality-Fresh water algal growth inhibition test with Scendemus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum[S].Geneva,Switzerland:ISO,1989
- [47]Stephen C E,Mount D I,Hansen D J,et al.Guidelines for deriving numerical national water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organisms and their uses[R].Washington DC:Office of Research and Development,2010
- [48]US Environmental Protection Agency.Quality criteria for water[R].Washington DC:US Department of Commerce,1986
- [49]Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.Report of the OECD workshop on extrapolation of laboratory aquatic toxicity data to the real environment[R].Paris:OECD,1992
- [50]Mstj W.Derivation of the Australian and New Zealand water quality guidelines for toxicants[J].Australian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2002,7:123-136
- [51]Van Leeuwen L C.Environmental fish limits for xylene(m-,o-,p-xylene)[R].Bilthoven:National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,2009
- [52]Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand.Australia and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality[R].Canberra:ANZECC and ARMCANZ,2000
- [53]National Health and Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council.Australian drinking water guidelines[R].Canberra:NHMRC and NRMMC,2004
- [54]Ministry of Environment Province of British Columbia.Ambient aquatic life guidelines for xylene-overview report[R].Kamloops:MEPBC,2006
- [55]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.Ambient aquatic life guidelines for xylene[R].Winnipeg:Science and Information Branch Water Stewardship Division Ministry of Environment,2007
- [56]《净水技术》编辑部.编辑.新日本水质标准[J].净水技术,1995,54(4):47
- [57]US Environmental Protection Agency.Explanation of PAH benchmark calculations using EPA PAH ESB,approach originally developed by Dave Mount,ORD Duluth[EB/OL].[2010-06-23](2014-10-10).http://www.epa.gov/bpspill/water/explanation-of-pah-benchmark-calculations-20100622.pdf
- [58]US Environmental Protection Agency.National primary drinking water standards[R].Washington DC:US EPA,2003