孙雪城;王建旭;冯新斌;

• 1:中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

贵州丹寨金汞矿在开采期间,将大量的废渣露天堆放在环境中,这些尾渣不仅含有金,还含有有毒有害重金属汞和砷。本文研究丹寨尾渣中汞和砷的淋出特征以及矿区周边土壤、农作物和地表水汞砷分布特征,并通过尾渣中金含量来评估利用植物提取技术来回收金的可能性。研究结果表明,利用0.1mol·L-1Na H2PO4和0.1 mol·L-1Na2HPO4(3:2 V/V)的混合溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤出的砷含量达到9 929.8μg·L-1;利用0.1 mol·L-1CH3COONH4溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤液汞含量达到12.12μg·L-1。矿区周边土壤总汞含量和总砷含量分别为11.5~79.7 mg·kg-1和23.7~356.5 mg·kg-1,利用污染程度法和尼梅罗综合污染指数发对其Hg和As污染程度进行了评价,结果显示土壤汞污染严重,污染因子高达10.5~78.7;尼梅罗综合污染指数为62.97;同时该土壤还受到严重的As污染,除了其中一个样点的As污染程度小于0属于未超标,其它样点As污染程度均大于0;尼梅罗综合污染指数为13.41。农作物中总汞含量和总砷含量均超过国家食品卫生限量标准,分别是《食品安全国家标准》(GB2762-2012)中所允许最大总汞和最大总砷的10~1 150倍和1.6~7.4倍。位于尾渣堆放点上游的地表水中总汞和总砷浓度分别为102.4 ng·L-1和2 262.1 ng·L-1,流经尾渣堆后,浓度大幅度增加,分别为160.3 ng·L-1和11 571.8 ng·L-1,说明丹寨尾渣可能是潜在的汞和砷污染源。尾渣中金含量为0.54 g·t-1,可以探索利用植物提取技术来回收尾渣中的金。

关键词(KeyWords)： 丹寨;汞;砷;分布特征;潜在风险

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(No.41303068);; 环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放课题资助

作者(Author): 孙雪城;王建旭;冯新斌;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]李颖,张锦瑞,赵礼兵,等.我国有色金属尾矿的资源化利用研究现状[J].河北联合大学学报,2014,36(1):5-8Li Y,Zhang J R,Zhao L B,et al.Research progress onthe comprehensive utilization ofnon-ferrous metal minetailings[J].Journal of Hebei United University,2014,36(1):5-8(in Chinese)
• [2]徐凤平,周兴龙,胡天喜.我国尾矿资源利用现状及建议[J].云南冶金,2007,36(4):25-37Xu F B,Zhou X L,Hu T X.Current situation of using tailing resource in our country and some suggestions[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2007,36(4):25-37(in Chinese)
• [3]贵州省地方志编纂委员会.贵州省志———地质矿产志[M]贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1992Guizhou Local Chronicles Compilation Committee.GuizhouProvince—Geological Records[M].Guiyang:GuizhouPeople’s Publishing,1992(in Chinese)
• [4]夏勇,吴学益,贾蓉芬,等.丹寨汞金矿床成矿构造地球化学模拟实验[J].大地构造与成矿学,1994,2:118-123Xia Y,Wu X Y,Jia R F,et al.Danzhai mercury gold metallogenic tectono geochemical simulating experiment[J].Geotectonica ET Metallogenia,1994,2:118-123(inChinese)
• [5]李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,等.贵州丹寨卡林型金矿床地球化学特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(1):1-7Li H Y,Gao Z M,Yang Z,et al.Geochemical features ofDanzhaicarlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(1):1-7(in Chinese)
• [6]林齐维,李庆新,瞿丽雅,等.丹寨汞矿冶炼厂土壤汞污染的初步研究[J].贵州环保科技,1998,2:23-31Lin Q W,Li Q X,Qu L Y,et al.Preliminary study on theDanzhai mercury mine smeltery of Hg contaminated soil[J].Guizhou Environmental Protection Science,1998,2:23-31(in Chinese)
• [7]刘鹏,吴攀,陶秀珍.贵州丹寨汞矿土壤汞含量的变化趋势[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28:9-10Liu P,Wu P,Tao X Z.The change trend ofGuizhou Danzhai mercury mine soil mercury content[J].Enviromental Science and Technology,2005,28:9-10(in Chinese)
• [8]刘荣相,张朝辉.贵州东南部喀斯特汞金矿带苔藓植物及其重金属富集特征[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(1):41-47Liu R X,Zhang Z H.Bryophytes and its heavy metal accumulation in mercury-gold ore belt in the karst area ofsoutheast Guizhou[J].Carsologica Sinica,2010,29(1):41-47(in Chinese)
• [9]肖细元,陈同斌,廖晓勇,等.中国主要含砷矿产资源的区域分布与砷污染问题[J].地理研究,2008,27(1):201-212Xiao X Y,Chen T B,Liao X Y,et al.Regional distributionof arsenic contained minerals and arsenic pollution in China[J].Geographical Research,2008,27(1):201-212(in Chinese)
• [10]赵永红,曹鑫康,周丹,等.钨矿尾矿砂中砷迁移过程中的形态转化研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013,4(2):51-55Zhao Y H,Cao X K,Zhou D,et al.Study on morphologicaltransformation of the arsenic migrantion process in tungstenmine tailings[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2013,4(2):51-55(in Chinese)
• [11]苏连文,吴永贵,刘方,等.贵州丹寨汞矿区土和渣中重金属的含量及形态分析[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(2):202-204Su L W,Wu Y G,Liu F,et al.Concentration and form analysis of heavy metals in soil and residues in Danzhaimercury mining areas in[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(2):202-204(in Chinese)
• [12]王丽颖.大庆市土壤主要有毒重金属地球化学基线研究与污染评价[D].吉林:吉林大学出版社,2009Wang L Y.Geochemical baselines study and pollution assessment of main toxic heavy metals of soil in Daqing city[D].Jilin:Jilin University Press,2009(in Chinese)
• [13]宋春然,何锦林,谭红,等.贵州省农业土壤重金属污染的初步评价[J].贵州农业科学,2005,33(2):13-16Song C R,He J L,Tan H,et al.Primary appraisal forheavy metal pollution in farm soil of Guizhou province[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2005,33(2):13-16(in Chinese)
• [14]陈天虎,冯军会,徐晓春.国外尾矿酸性排水和重金属淋滤作用研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):41-46Chen T H,Feng J H,Xu X C.The research progress onthe acid drainage and heavy metal leaching of forergnmine tailings[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2001,2(2):41-46(inChinese)
• [15]冯新斌,仇广乐,付学吾,等.环境汞污染[J].化学进展,2009,2(3):436-457Feng X B,Qiu G L,Fu X W,et al.Mercury pollution inthe environment[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,2(3):436-457(in Chinese)
• [16]金肇岩,龙小玲,苏庆平,等.东北某原煤中砷、汞淋滤特征的研究[J].煤质技术,2010,6:51-54Jin Z Y,Long X L,Su Q P,et al.The research on theleaching characteristics of arsenic and mercury in a rawcoal from northeast of China[J].Coal Quality Technology,2010,6:51-54(in Chinese)
• [17]李巍,李佳,侯锦湘,等.贵州龙里实验区酸性降水特征及变化趋势[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(2):155-160Li W,Li J,Hou J X,et al.Analysis of acid rain’s characteristics and variation tendency in Longli experimentalplot,Guizhou[J].China Environmental,2010,30(2):155-160(in Chinese)
• [18]仇广乐,冯新斌,王少峰,等.贵州汞矿矿区不同位置土壤中总汞和甲基汞污染特征的研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(3):550-555(in Chinese)Qiu G L,Feng X B,Wang S F,et al.Total mercury andmethymercury in soil collected from Guizhou Hg-mined areas[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(3):550-555
• [19]国家环境保护总局.GB15618—1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995The Central People’s Government of The People’s Republic of China.GB15618—1995 Environmental QualityStandard for Soil[S].Beijing:Chinese Standard Press,1995(in Chinese)
• [20]刘鹏.贵州典型汞矿区环境中汞的污染研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学出版社,2006Liu P.Mercury pollution of typical mercury mining area ofGuizhou[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University Press,2006(in Chinese)
• [21]范麦妮,王海娟,戴文娇.植物冶金的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(34):10958-10959Fan M N,Wang H J,Dai W J.Research progress in pytomining[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(34):10958-10959(in Chinese)
• [22]Anderson C W N,Fabio M,John M.A field demonstration of gold phytoextraction technology[J].MineralsEngineering,2005,18:385-392
• [23]Anderson C W N,Brooks R R,Stewart R B et al.Harvesting a crop of gold in plants[J].Nature,1998,395:553-554
• [24]王建旭,冯新斌,商立海,等.添加硫代硫酸钠对植物修复汞污染土壤的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):1998-2002Wang J X,Feng X B,Shang L H,et al.Effects of ammonium thiosulphate amendment on phytoremediation ofmercury-polluted soil[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(10):1998-2002(in Chinese)
• [25]Petruzzelli G,Pedron F,Tassi E,et al.The effect ofthiosulphateon arsenic bioavailability in a multi contaminated soil.A novel contribution to phytoextration[J].Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences,2014,6(1):38-43