孙雪城;王建旭;冯新斌;

• 1:中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

贵州丹寨金汞矿在开采期间,将大量的废渣露天堆放在环境中,这些尾渣不仅含有金,还含有有毒有害重金属汞和砷。本文研究丹寨尾渣中汞和砷的淋出特征以及矿区周边土壤、农作物和地表水汞砷分布特征,并通过尾渣中金含量来评估利用植物提取技术来回收金的可能性。研究结果表明,利用0.1mol·L-1Na H2PO4和0.1 mol·L-1Na2HPO4(3:2 V/V)的混合溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤出的砷含量达到9 929.8μg·L-1;利用0.1 mol·L-1CH3COONH4溶液淋洗尾渣,淋滤液汞含量达到12.12μg·L-1。矿区周边土壤总汞含量和总砷含量分别为11.5~79.7 mg·kg-1和23.7~356.5 mg·kg-1,利用污染程度法和尼梅罗综合污染指数发对其Hg和As污染程度进行了评价,结果显示土壤汞污染严重,污染因子高达10.5~78.7;尼梅罗综合污染指数为62.97;同时该土壤还受到严重的As污染,除了其中一个样点的As污染程度小于0属于未超标,其它样点As污染程度均大于0;尼梅罗综合污染指数为13.41。农作物中总汞含量和总砷含量均超过国家食品卫生限量标准,分别是《食品安全国家标准》(GB2762-2012)中所允许最大总汞和最大总砷的10~1 150倍和1.6~7.4倍。位于尾渣堆放点上游的地表水中总汞和总砷浓度分别为102.4 ng·L-1和2 262.1 ng·L-1,流经尾渣堆后,浓度大幅度增加,分别为160.3 ng·L-1和11 571.8 ng·L-1,说明丹寨尾渣可能是潜在的汞和砷污染源。尾渣中金含量为0.54 g·t-1,可以探索利用植物提取技术来回收尾渣中的金。

关键词(KeyWords)： 丹寨;汞;砷;分布特征;潜在风险

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(No.41303068);; 环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放课题资助

作者(Author): 孙雪城;王建旭;冯新斌;

Email:

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