贺涔霖;高飞;卢晓霞;侯珍;张姝;

• 1:地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京大学城市与环境学院

摘要(Abstract)：

以多壁碳纳米管为研究对象,从生化作用、酶活性、微生物数量和群落结构4个方面系统评估其对土壤微生物的影响。设置两组实验,分别为碳纳米管组和对照组。对于碳纳米管组,按1mg碳纳米管·g-1土的浓度将多壁碳纳米管与土样均匀混合,对照组中不加入多壁碳纳米管。定期(每28d)取样测定两组土壤中的各项生态毒理指标。近5个月的实验结果显示,不同指标对多壁碳纳米管的响应不同。土壤呼吸作用初期受抑制但后期恢复,氨化作用初期被促进但后期被抑制,脱氢酶活性发生增强和抑制两次波动,荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性在整个实验期间一直被抑制,微生物量出现先减少后增加再减少的规律,群落结构在实验初期和后期均有较大变化。总体上,多壁碳纳米管对土壤微生物表现了一定的生态毒性,但除荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性外,各毒理效应在统计意义上并不显著(0.05水平)。

关键词(KeyWords)： 多壁碳纳米管;土壤微生物;生态毒理效应

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(41071311,41030529,40871214)

作者(Author): 贺涔霖;高飞;卢晓霞;侯珍;张姝;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Coleman J N,Khan U,Blau W J,et al.Small but strong:A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites[J].Carbon,2006,44(9):1624-1652
• [2]Cohen-Karni T,Segav L,Srur-Lavi O,et al.Torsional elec-tromechanical quantum oscillations in carbon nanotubes[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2006,1(1):3641
• [3]Hierold C,Jungen A,Stempfer C,et al.Nano electrome-chanical sensors based on carbon nanotubes[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2007,136(1):5161
• [4]贾光,李文新,金朝霞.纳米碳管生物效应与安全应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010,5
• [5]Klaine S J,Alvarez P J J,Batley G E,et al.Nanomaterials in the environment:Behavior,fate,bioavailability and effects[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2008,27(9):18251851.
• [6]林道辉,冀静,田小利,等.纳米材料的环境行为与生物毒性[J].科学通报,2009,54(23):3590-3604Lin D H,Ji J,Tian X L,et al.Environmental behavior and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(23):35903604(in Chinese)
• [7]Nel A,Xia T,Madler L,et al.Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel[J].Science,311(5761):622627
• [8]Kang S,Herzberg M,Rodrigues D F.Antibacterial effects of carbon nanotubes:Size does matter[J].Langmuir,2008,24(13):64096413
• [9]刘桐,唐慧琴,张学华,等.镀银纳米碳管的抗菌性研究[J].功能材料,2007,38(5):802-805Liu T,Tang H Q,Zhang X H,et al.Astudy on antibacterial properties of silver coated carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of Functional materials,2007,38(5):802805(in Chinese)
• [10]Tong Z,Bischoff M,Nies L,et al.Impact of fullerene(C60)on a soil microbial community[J].Environmental Science&Technology.2007,41(8):29852991
• [11]Johansen A,Pedersen A L,Jensen K A,et al.Effects of C60fullerene nanoparticles on soil bacteria and protozoans[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2008,27(9):18951903
• [12]孔维栋,朱永官,傅伯杰,等.农业土壤微生物基因与群落多样性研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):28942900Kong W D,Zhu Y G,Fu B J,et al.Review on microbial gene and community diversity in agricultural soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(12):28942900(in Chi-nese)
• [13]李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
• [14]U.S.FDA.Bacteriological Analytical Manual[OL].ht-tp://www.fda.gov/food/scienceresearch/laboratorymeth-ods/bacteriologicalanalyticalmanualbam/ucm073598.htm
• [15]傅慰祖.有机溶剂四氢呋喃的毒性及其危害[J].职业卫生与应急救援,1996,14(2):22-23
• [16]郭桂悦,梁忠越,荣丽丽.纳米材料对腈纶废水可生化性影响研究[J].工业水处理,2009,29(2):35-37Guo G Y,Liang Z Y,Rong L L.Study on the effect of nano-material on the biodegradability of acrylic fiber wastewater[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2009,29(2):3537(in Chinese)
• [17]Allen B L,Kichambare P D,Gou P,et al.Biodegradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes through enzymatic catalysis[J].Nano Letters,2008,8(11):3899-3903
• [18]Jia G,Wang H F,Yan L,et al.Cytotoxicity Biological activities of carbon nanomaterials:Single wall nanotubes,multi wall nanotubes and fullerene[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(5):13781383
• [19]Sayes C M,Gobin A M,West J L.Nano-C60cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation[J].Biomaterials,2005,26(36):75877595
• [20]Oberdrster E.Manufactured nanomaterials(fullerenes,C60)induce oxidative stress in brain of juvenile largemouth bass[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2004,112(10):1058-1062
• [21]Xia T,Kovochich M,Brant J,et al.Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm[J].Nano Letters,6(8):1794-1807
• [22]易绍金,刁浪滔.石油烃降解菌菌数测定方法评述[J].石油与天然气化工,2004,33(3):206-216Yi S J,Diao L T.The comment on the mensuring ways of the becterial cell population of the hydrocarbon bacteria[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2004,33(3):206-216(in Chinese)
• [23]关大伟,李俊,沈德龙,等.光合细菌PCR检测技术的建立与应用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(5):699704Guan D W,Li J,Shen D L,et al.Identification and quantifi cation of photosynthetic bacteria by PCR method[J].Chi-nese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2008,14(5):699-704(in Chinese)
• [24]Kagan V E,Konduru N V,Allen B L,et al.Carbon nanotubes degraded by neutrophil myeloperoxidase induce less pulmonary inflammation[J].Nature Nanotech,2010,5(5):354-359
• [25]Kam N,Dai H.Single walled carbon nanotoubes for transport and delivery of biological cargos[J].Physica Status So-lidi B,2006,243(13):35613566◆