黄益宗;王斐;钟敏;隋立华;伍文;

• 1:中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院研究生院

摘要(Abstract)：

近地层O3作为全球最重要的大气污染物之一,其对作物的生长发育、土壤酶活性、土壤碳、氮的影响机制已成为人们关注的重要问题。采用开顶式气室(OTCs)法模拟研究O3浓度升高对冬小麦土壤碳、氮含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,O3浓度升高导致麦田0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层的全碳(TC)和全氮(TN)含量呈现出下降的趋势。O3浓度升高对土壤酶活性也有影响。在冬小麦灌浆期,O3胁迫可促进土壤脱氢酶活性提高。当O3浓度为120 nL·L-1时,0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～40 cm土层的脱氢酶活性分别比对照处理提高59.4%、51.5%和22.2%。O3胁迫对土壤转化酶活性的影响随着冬小麦生长期和土壤采样深度的不同而发生变化。在冬小麦拔节期,O3处理对不同土层脲酶活性的影响没有达到显著差异水平,但是在灌浆期,20～40 cm土层的脲酶活性随着O3浓度的增加而提高,在120 nL·L-1浓度O3处理下脲酶活性比对照处理提高24.6%。在O3胁迫条件下土壤转化酶活性与土壤全碳含量、土壤脲酶活性与土壤全氮含量均呈现出显著的正相关关系。

关键词(KeyWords)： 臭氧;脱氢酶;转化酶;脲酶;全碳;全氮

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助项目(41071336);; 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KSCX2-YW-N-41-05)

作者(Author): 黄益宗;王斐;钟敏;隋立华;伍文;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Ashmore M R,Emberson L D,Karlsson P E,et al.New Directions:A new generation of ozone critical levels for the protection of vegetation in Europe[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(15):2213-2214
• [2]RmK,Kanerva T,Nikula S,et al.Influences of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in growth responses of lowland hay meadow mesocosms[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,144(1):101-111
• [3]IPCC.Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:1009
• [4]Fuhrer J,Booker F.Ecological issues related to ozone:Agricultural issues[J].Environment International,2003,29(2-3):141-154
• [5]隋立华,黄益宗,王玮,等.O3浓度升高对不同生长期冬小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(5):507-514Sui L H,Huang Y Z,Wang W,et al.Effects of elevated ozone on antioxidant system of winter wheat leaf in varied growth stages[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(5):507-514(in Chinese)
• [6]隋立华,黄益宗,王玮,等.臭氧胁迫下外源喷施亚精胺和EDU对小麦生理指标的影响.生态毒理学报,2012,7(1):71-78Sui L H,Huang Y Z,Wang W,et al.Effects of spermidine and EDU on physiological indexes of wheat under ozone stres[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(1):71-78(in Chinese)
• [7]Kasurinen A,Keinnen M M,Kaipainen S,et al.Belowground responses of silver birch trees exposed to elevated CO2and O3levels during three growing seasons[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(7):1167-1179
• [8]McCrady J,Andersen C.The effect of ozone on belowground carbon allocation in wheat[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,107(3):465-472
• [9]伍文,黄益宗,李明顺,等.O3浓度升高对麦田土壤氨氧化细菌、氨氧化古菌和硝化细菌数量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):491-497Wu W,Huang Y Z,Li M S,et al.Effects of elevated ozone on quantity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and nitrobacteria in wheat field soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2012,31(3):491-497(in Chinese)
• [10]Laurence J A.Ecological effects of ozone:integrating exposure and response with ecosystem dynamics and function[J].Environmental Science&Policy,1998,1(3):179-184
• [11]陈展,王效科,段晓男,等.臭氧浓度升高对盆栽小麦根系和土壤微生物功能的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1803-1808Chen Z,Wang X K,Duan X N,et al.Ozone effects on wheat root and soil microbial biomass and diversity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1803-1808(in Chinese)
• [12]李全胜,林先贵,胡君利,等.近地层臭氧浓度升高对麦田土壤氨氧化与反硝化细菌活性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(6):524-528Li Q S,Lin X G,Hu J L,et al.Effects of elevated O3concentration in surface layer on activity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in wheat field[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(6):524-528(in Chinese)
• [13]郭建平,王春乙,白月明,等.大气中臭氧浓度变化对冬小麦生理过程和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(2):255-256
• [14]Schinner F,hlinger R,Kandeler E,et al.Methods in Soil Biology[M].Springer,1996
• [15]Scagel C F,Andersen C P.Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone-exposed ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)grown in different substrates[J].New Phytologist,1997,136:627-643
• [16]Edwards N T.Root and soil respiration responses to ozone in Pinus taeda L.seedlings[J].New Phytologist,1991,118(2):315-321
• [17]陈展,王效科,冯兆忠,等.臭氧对生态系统地下过程的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):121-125Chen Z,Wang X K,Feng Z Z,et al.Effects of elevated ambient ozone on ecosystem below-ground processes[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(1):121-125
• [18]郑启伟,王效科,冯兆忠,等.用旋转布气法开顶式气室研究臭氧对水稻生物量和产量的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(1):170-175Zheng Q W,Wang X K,Feng Z Z,et al.Efects of elevated ozone on biomass and yield of rice planted in open top chamber with revolving ozone distribution[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(1):170-175
• [19]Tabatabai M A.Soil Enzymes[M].Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology,1994
• [20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986Guan S Y.Soil Enzymes and Their Research Methods[M].Beijing:Agriculture Publishing House,1986
• [21]Chen Z,Wang X,Feng Z,et al.Effects of elevated ozone on growth and yield of field-grown rice in Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20:320-325
• [22]Ariyaphanphitak W,Chidthaisong A,Sarobol E,et al.Effects of elevated ozone concentrations on Thai jasmine rice cultivars(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2005,167:179-200
• [23]U.S.EPA.Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants(Final)[S].EPA/600/R-05/004aF-cF.Washington,DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2006
• [24]秦华,林先贵,陈瑞蕊,等.DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,42(5):829-834Qing H,Lin X G,Chen R L,et al.Effects of DEHP on dehydrogenase activity and micribial functional diversity in soil[J].Acta Pedologiga Sinica,2006,42(5):829-834
• [25]郑有飞,石春红,吴芳芳,等.大气臭氧浓度升高对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4386-4391Zheng Y F,Shi C H,Wu F F,et al.Effects of simulated elevated atmospheric O3concentration on soil enzyme activity in winter wheat rhizospheric[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(8):4386-4391(in Chinese)
• [26]Dizengremel P.Effects of ozone on the carbon metabolism of forest trees[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,39(9):729-742
• [27]胡君利,林先贵,朱建国.土壤微生物对大气对流层臭氧浓度升高的响应[J].土壤,2008,40(6):857-862Hu J L,Lin X G,Zhu J G.A Review:Soil microbial responses to elevated tropospheric O3concentration[J].Soils,2008,40(6):857-862(in Chinese)
• [28]李果梅,王殳屹,史奕,等.O3浓度升高及温度对麦田土壤酶活性及酚酸类物质含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):121-125Li G M,Wang S Y,Shi Y,et al.Effects of elevated ozone and temperature on soil enzymes activities and phenolic compounds content in spring wheat[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2008,27(1):121-125(in Chinese)
• [29]张喜英,袁小良,韩润娥,等.冬小麦根系生长规律以及土壤环境条件对其影响的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,1994,2(3):62-68Zhang X Y,Yuan X L,Han R E,et al.Effects of soil conditions on root growth of winter wheat[J].Eco-Agriculture Research,1994,2(3):62-68(in Chinese)
• [30]Andersen C P.Source sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone[J].New Phytologist,2003,157(2):213-228
• [31]Holmes W E,Zak D R,Pregitzer K S,et al.Soil nitrogen transformations under populus tremuloides,Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum following 3 years exposure to elevated CO2and O3[J].Global Change Biology,2003,9(12):1743-1750
• [32]刘建新.不同农田土壤酶活性与土壤养分相关关系研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):523-525Liu J X.Correlative research on the activity of enzyme and soil nutrient in the different types of farmland[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(4):523-525(in Chinese)
• [33]胡君利,林先贵,王俊华,等.大气对流层臭氧浓度升高下AM真菌对小麦生长的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3393-3398Hu J L,Lin X G,Wang J H,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on wheat growth in response to elevated tropospheric O3concentration[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3393-3398(in Chinese)
• [34]王曙光,冯兆忠,王效科,等.大气臭氧浓度升高对丛枝菌根(AM)及其功能的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(9):1872-1877Wang S G,Feng Z Z,Wang X K.et al.Effect of elevated atmospheric O3on arbuscular mycorrhizaL(AM)and its function[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(9):1872-1877(in Chinese)
• [35]Mrsky S K,Haapala J K,Rinnan R,et al.Long‐term ozone effects on vegetation,microbial community and methane dynamics of boreal peatland microcosms in open-field conditions[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(8):1891-1903