苏红巧;张银凤;秦占芬;李建中;

• 1:中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学和生态毒理学国家重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院生态环境研究中心中科院环境生物技术重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

两栖动物蝌蚪急性毒性试验是评价化学品急性毒性的一种方法。以毒死蜱、乙草胺、重铬酸钾和全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)为测试物,比较了我国本土黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)与国际通用种非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)在蝌蚪急性毒性试验中的敏感性。结果发现:2类蝌蚪分别进行的11次试验中,空白对照组黑斑蛙蝌蚪死亡率(0.9%)远低于非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的死亡率(5.8%);重铬酸钾和PFOS对黑斑蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为34.0 mg·L-1和81.0 mg·L-1,而对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为51.6 mg·L-1和92.1 mg·L-1,显示黑斑蛙蝌蚪对这2种化学品的敏感性略高于非洲爪蟾蝌蚪;毒死蜱和乙草胺对黑斑蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为0.41 mg·L-1和4.1 mg·L-1,而对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为0.12 mg·L-1和3.1 mg·L-1,显示黑斑蛙蝌蚪对这2种化学品的敏感性略低于非洲爪蟾。鉴于2类蝌蚪对化学品的敏感性存在差异,且黑斑蛙蝌蚪的自然死亡率低,材料更易获得,笔者认为黑斑蛙蝌蚪比非洲爪蟾更适合作为蝌蚪急性毒性试验的材料,用于我国化学品环境管理中的毒性评价。

关键词(KeyWords)： 黑斑蛙;非洲爪蟾;蝌蚪;急性毒性;化学品;敏感性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): "863"计划课题(2010AA065105,2012AA06A302);; 环保/质检公益性行业科研专项(201109048,201110250)

作者(Author): 苏红巧;张银凤;秦占芬;李建中;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Stuart S N,Chanson J S,Cox N A,et al.Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide[J].Science,2004,306(5702):1783-1786
• [2]Barinaga M.Where have all the froggies gone?[J].Science,1990,247(4946):1033-1034
• [3]武正军,李义明.两栖类种群数量下降原因及保护对策[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):140-146Wu Z J,Li Y M.Causes and conservation strategies of amphibian population declination[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(1):140-146(in Chinese)
• [4]Hayes T B,Falso P,Gallipeau S,et al.The cause of global amphibian declines:A developmental endocrinologist's perspective[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2010,213(6):921-933
• [5]中华人民共和国农业部.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则(2008年报批稿)[S].北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2008
• [6]Nieuwkoop P D,Faber J.Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis(Daudin)[M].Amsterdam:The Hubrecht Laboratory,North-Holland Publishing,1956:9-10
• [7]袁运开,顾明远,孙大文.科学技术社会辞典(生物)[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1991:91
• [8]李兴福,张甫英.八种金属对蛙类胚胎和蝌蚪的毒性研究[J].中国环境科学,1984,4(1):52-59
• [9]Mann R M,Bidwell J R.The toxicity of glyphosate and several glyphosate formulations to four species of southwestern Australian frogs[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology,1999,36(2):193-199
• [10]Mann R M,Bidwell J R.The acute toxicity of agricultural surfactants to the tadpoles of four Australian and two exotic frogs[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,114(2):195-205
• [11]卢祥云,陈海波,韩曜平.几种农药对黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪的毒性[J].四川动物,2002,21(2):84-86Lu X Y,Chen H B,Han Y P.Poisonous effect of some common pesticides on embryo and tadpole of Rana nigromaculata[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2002,21(2):84-86(in Chinese)
• [12]Hooser E A,Belden J B,Smith L M,et al.Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles[J].Ecotoxicology,2012,21(5):1458-1464
• [13]Melvin S D,Trudeau V L.Toxicity of naphthenic acids to wood frog tadpoles(Lithobates sylvaticus)[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2012,75(3):170-173
• [14]Gosner K L.A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification[J].Herpetologica,1960,16(3):183-190
• [15]Mortensen A S,Kortner T M,Arukwe A.Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression as a biomarker of shortterm 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene(DDE)exposure in European common frog(Rana temporaria)tadpoles[J].Biomarkers,2006,11(6):524-537
• [16]Oka T,Miyahara M,Yamamoto J,et al.Application of metamorphosis assay to a native Japanese amphibian species,Rana rugosa,for assessing effects of thyroid system affecting chemicals[J].Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety,2009,72(5):1400-1405
• [17]Helbing C C,Ovaska K,Ji L.Evaluation of the effect of acetochlor on thyroid hormone receptor gene expression in the brain and behavior of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,80(1):42-51
• [18]苏红巧,任东凯,秦占芬.全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)及其替代品对两栖类蝌蚪的急性毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(5):521-524Su H Q,Ren D K,Qin Z F.Acute toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its substitutes to amphibian tadpoles[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(5):521-524(in Chinese)
• [19]任东凯,苏红巧,刘芃岩,等.全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)及其替代品对两栖类胚胎的发育毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(5):561-564Ren D K,Su H Q,Liu P Y,et al.Development toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its substitutes to amphibian embryos[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(5):561-564(in Chinese)
• [20]American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM).ASTM E1439-98 Standard Guide for Conducting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus(FETAX)[S].Philadelphia:ASTM,2004
• [21]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Test No.231:Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay,OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals,Section 2[S].Paris:OECD,2009
• [22]Schuytema G S,Nebeker A V.Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of pacific treefrog,bullfrog,red-legged frog,and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1998,34(4):370-376