烟根腐解物对烟草生长的影响Effects of Tobacco Root Decomposition on Tobacco Growth
毛振萍;周冀衡;柳均;邓小华;尹光庭;牛丽娜;汪林;陈洁宇;
摘要(Abstract)：
烟草生产过程中会产生大量烟草残体,为了研究烟草残体对烟草生长的影响,将烟根、水稻土和无菌水按一定比例混合后,在适当条件下培养得到烟根腐解物。将烟根腐解物按不同的施用量设置6个处理组,并以未施用烟根腐解物组作为对照,分别在烟草生长的团棵期、旺长期和成熟期测定烟草的农艺性状、根系活力、硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性以及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果表明:在团棵期,烟根腐解物能显著抑制烟草的生长,增加烟草中MDA含量和POD活性,使根系活力和NR活性先升高后降低,叶鲜质量、根鲜质量及植株干质量明显降低,表现出较强的化感效应;随着处理时间的延长,在旺长期和成熟期,这种化感抑制效应逐渐减弱并转变为促进作用。此外,在添加烟根腐解物土壤中生长的烟株发生了较强的烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)引起的病害,且随施用量的增大和处理时间的延长发病率增加。实验结果表明:烟根腐解物对烟草生长呈现出前期抑制,后期促进的效应;从各生长时期的农艺性状、相关酶活性及病害发生情况综合来看,以施用量50g/盆效果最好。
关键词(KeyWords)： 烟草;根腐解物;化感作用;农艺性状;生理指标
基金项目(Foundation): 文山烟叶特色风格定位研究及品牌导向型基地建设开发(2011YN73)
作者(Author): 毛振萍;周冀衡;柳均;邓小华;尹光庭;牛丽娜;汪林;陈洁宇;
Email:
参考文献(References)：
- [1]Asao T,Hasegawa K,Sueda Y,et al.Autotoxicity of root exu-dates from taro[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2003,97(3-4):389-396
- [2]Ballester A.Alelopatía:Interacción química entre especies vege-tales[J].Acta Cient Compostelana,1972,9:145-151
- [3]侯永侠,周宝利,吴晓玲,等.辣椒秸秆腐解物化感作用的研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):699-702Hou Y X,Zhou B L,Wu X L,et al.Allelopathy of decompo-sing pepper stalk on pepper growth[J].Chinese Journal of Ap-plied Ecology,2006,17(4):699-702(in Chinese)
- [4]王树起,韩丽梅,杨振明,等.大豆根茬腐解液和营养液残液对大豆生长发育的自感效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(3):43-47Wang S Q,Han L M,Yang Z M,et al.Effect of decomposed liquids from soybean stubs and remnants of nutrient solution on soybean growth[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2000,22(3):43-47(in Chinese)
- [5]Tukey H B.Implications of allelopathy in agricultural plant sci-ence[J].Botanical Review,1969,35(1):1-16
- [6]张海林,高旺盛,陈阜,等.保护性耕作研究现状、发展趋势及对策[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(1):16-20Zhang H L,Gao W S,Chen B,et al.Prospects and present situ-ation of conservation tillage[J].Journal of China Agricultural U-niversity,2005,10(1):16-20(in Chinese)
- [7]王云,张云华,王芳,等.论保护性耕作及其技术体系[J].中国农业科技导报,2004,6(3):31-35Wang Y,Zhang Y H,Wang F,et al.Discussing protective culti-vation and its technological system[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2004,6(3):31-35(in Chinese)
- [8]Adem H H,Tisdall J M.Management of tillage and crop residues for double-cropping in fragile soi1s of south-eastern Australia[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1984,4(6):577-589
- [9]韩永俊,尹大庆,赵艳忠.秸秆还田的研究现状[J].农机化研究,2003(2):39-40
- [10]张无敌,孙世中,宋洪川.秸秆综合利用技术评价[J].农业与技术,1999,19(2):14-18Zhang W D,Sun S Z,Song H C.The technological assessment on comprehensive utilization of straws[J].Agriculture and Technology,1999,19(2):14-18(in Chinese)
- [11]马云华,王秀峰,魏珉,等.黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2149-2153Ma Y H,Wang X F,Wei M,et al.Accumulation of phenolic acids in continuously cropped cucumber soil and their effects on soil microbes and enzyme activities[J].Chinese Journal of Ap-plied Ecology,2005,16(11):2149-2153(in Chinese)
- [12]范小峰,俞诗源,范亚娜,等.黄土高原大棚黄瓜不同年限连作对土壤主要理化性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(6):20-22Fan X F,Yu S Y,Fan Y N,et al.Effect of cucumber continu-ous cropping in plastic greenhouse on the soil physicochemical properties on loess plateau[J].Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2006(6):20-22(in Chinese)
- [13]Booker F L,Blum U,Fiscus E L.Short-term effects of ferulic acids on ion uptake and water relations on cucumber seedlings[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1992,43(5):649-655
- [14]Jose S,Gillespie A R.Allelopathy in black walnut(Juglans nigraL.)alley cropping.II.Effects of juglone on hydroponically grown corn(Zea maysL.)and soybean(Glycine maxL.Merr.)growth and physiology[J].Plant and Soil,1998,203(2):199-206
- [15]廖周瑜,赵则海,侯玉平,等.五爪金龙凋落叶腐解物的化感潜力研究[J].生态环境,2007,16(4):1249-1252Liao Z Y,Zhao Z H,Hou Y P,et al.Allelopathic potentional of early decomposition of leaf litter of Ipomoea cairica[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(4):1249-1252(in Chinese)
- [16]汪耀富.优质烤烟生产新技术[J].河南农业,2003(4):8
- [17]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:68-75
- [18]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:26-108
- [19]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:260-261
- [20]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:154-155
- [21]谈文,吴元华.烟草病理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:387-391
- [22]郝建军,康宗利,于洋,等.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:53,62,101,159
- [23]胡荣海.云南烟草栽培学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:311-312
- [24]李志宏,秦勇,彭思健,等.加工番茄植株残体腐解物化感作用的研究[J].园艺园林科学,2008,24(6):306-309Li Z H,Qin Y,Peng S J,et al.Allelopathy of decomposing pro-cessing tomato plant residue on processing tomato growth[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(6):306-309(in Chinese)
- [25]李敬雷,乜兰春,刘丰亮,等.芦笋根腐解物对作物种子萌发及胚根伸长的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(4):43-45Li J L,Nie L C,Liu F L,et al.Effect of Asparagus root decom-position on seed germination and radicle elongation of crops[J].Journal of Agricultural Univesity of Hebei,2010,33(4):43-45(in Chinese)
- [26]李艳宾,张琴,万传星,等.棉秆腐解物的化感作用及其主要化学成分分析[J].棉花学报,2009,21(6):497-502Li Y B,Zhang Q,Wan C X,et al.Allelopathy and chemical constituents of decomposing products from cotton stalk[J].Cot-ton Science,2009,21(6):497-502(in Chinese)
- [27]谈文,赵松义.再论烟稻轮作制[J].烟草科技,1998(1):39-40