地方性砷中毒地区环境砷暴露健康风险研究进展Review on Health Risks of Environmental Arsenic Exposure in Endemic Arsenism Areas
高健伟;韦炳干;薛源;虞江萍;杨林生;
摘要(Abstract):
自然因素引起的环境高砷暴露及其健康效应,尤其是饮水型地方性砷中毒是砷污染健康风险评估的基础。总结地方性砷中毒在环境砷暴露的风险识别、暴露途径和暴露与健康效应关系研究中的作用基础上,指出了地方性砷中毒研究中仅强调了饮水污染,关注的暴露途径比较单一,因此,人体多途径联合砷暴露的健康风险评估过程存在较大的不确定性。我国是唯一存在饮水和燃煤2种自然环境高砷暴露的国家,是研究2种类型砷暴露异同的天然场地,然而目前环境高砷的暴露及其健康效应的研究均为独立研究,对燃煤型地方性砷中毒在呼吸链砷暴露风险评估中的作用重视不够。因此,通过开展两种环境砷暴露及其健康效应的综合比较研究,建立呼吸链暴露评估和暴露-健康效应模型,可以为人体多途径联合砷暴露的健康风险研究提供新的依据。
关键词(KeyWords): 砷暴露;健康风险;饮水型地方性砷中毒;燃煤型地方性砷中毒
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金重点项目“饮水和燃煤砷污染生态系统中砷从环境到人体转化的比较研究”(41230749)
作者(Author): 高健伟;韦炳干;薛源;虞江萍;杨林生;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]US Environmental Protection Agency.Risk Assess-ment Guidance for Superfund,Vol.I:Human Health E-valuation Manual.EPA/540/1-89/002.[R].Washing-ton DC:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-sponse,USEPA,1989
- [2]International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC).Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity:An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes1to42.IARC Mono-graphs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Hu-man[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,1987
- [3]Kapaj S,Peterson H,Liber K,et al.Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning—A review[J].Journal of Environmental Health Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmen-tal Engineering,2006,41(10):2399-2428
- [4]Navas-Acien A.The importance of arsenic from diet sources to studies of arsenic exposure to low-to-moder-ate levels[J].Epidemiology,2009,20(s):S248-S249
- [5]Tan M,Schmidt R H,Beier J I,et al.Chronic subhepa-totoxic exposure to arsenic enhances hepatic injury caused by high fat diet in mice[J].Toxicology and Ap-plied Pharmacology,2011,257(3):356-364
- [6]Calder C A,Craigmile P F,Cressie N,et al.Hierarchical model building,fitting,and checking:A behind-the-scenes look at a Bayesian analysis of arsenic exposure pathways[J].Bayesian Analysis,2009,4(1):1-35
- [7]Figueira R,Sérgio C,Lopes J,et al.Detection of expo-sition risk to arsenic in Portugal assessed by air deposi-tion in biomonitors and water contamination[J].Inter-national Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2007,210(3-4):393-397
- [8]Buchhamer E E,Blanes P S,Osicka R M,et al.Envi-ronmental risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride in the Chaco Province,Argentina:Research advance[J].Jour-nal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues,2012,75(22-23):1437-1450
- [9]Ono F B,Guilherme L R G,Penido E S,et al.Arsenic bioaccessibility in a gold mining area:A health risk as-sessment for children[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2012,34(4):457-465
- [10]McClintock T R,Chen Y,Bundschuh J,et al.Arsenic exposure in Latin America:Biomarkers,risk assess-ments and related health effects[J].Science of the To-tal Environment,2012,429:76-91
- [11]Rapant S,Kr cˇmováK.Health risk assessment maps for arsenic groundwater content:Application of na-tional geochemical databases[J].Environmental Geo-chemistry and Health,2007,29(2):131-141
- [12]李达圣,安冬,曾正,等.贵州燃煤型砷中毒患者患恶性肿瘤死亡观察[J].中国地方病学杂志,2004,23(1):42-45Li D S,An D,Zeng Z,et al.Mortality of malignant tumor patient with endemic arsenism caused by coal-burning pollution in Guizhou[J].China Journal of En-demiology,2004,23(1):42-45(in Chinese)
- [13]李达圣,安冬,梁音,等.贵州省燃煤型砷中毒病区先天畸形调查[J].中国地方病学杂志,2005,24(2):176-178Li D S,An D,Liang Y.Investigation of congenital de-formity in endemic arsenism regions in Guizhou Prov-ince[J].China Journal of Endemiology,2005,24(2):176-178(in Chinese)
- [14]丁振华,郑宝山,庄敏,等.贵州中北部燃煤型砷中毒地区煤中砷的赋存状态研究[J].矿物学报,2009,29(1):70-74Ding Z H,Zheng B S,Zhuang M,et al.Modes of occur-rence of arsenic in high-As coals from northwestern Guizhou Province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2009,29(1):70-74(in Chinese)
- [15]洪峰,张爱华,金泰庚.燃煤砷污染地区砷中毒患者的肾功能损害[J].环境与职业医学,2007,24(6):580-583Hong F,Zhang A H,Jin T G.A study on renal dysfunc-tion of arsenic poisoning victims caused by air pollution from coal buring[J].Journal of Environmental&Occu-pational Medicine,2007,24(6):580-583(in Chinese)
- [16]白广禄,刘晓莉,范中学,等.陕西省燃煤污染型砷中毒流行病学调查[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(1):57-60Bai G L,Liu X L,Fan Z X,et al.Epidemiologic survey on coal-burning endemic arsenism in Shaanxi Prov-ince[J].China Journal of Endemiology,2006,25(1):57-60(in Chinese)
- [17]Tseng W P,Chu H M,How S W,et al.Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan[J].Journal of the National Cancer Institute,1968,40(3):453-463
- [18]Rahman M,Tondel M,Ahmad SA,et al.Hypertension and arsenic exposure in Bangladesh[J].Hypertension,1999,33(1):74-78
- [19]张福存,文冬光,郭建强,等.中国主要地方病区地质环境研究进展与展望[J].中国地质,2010,37(3):551-562Zhang F C,Wen D G,Guo J Q,et al.Research progress and prospect of geological environment in main en-demic disease area[J].Geology in China,2010,37(3):551-562(in Chinese)
- [20]金银龙,梁超轲,何公理,等.中国地方性砷中毒分布调查(总报告)[J].卫生研究,2003,32(6):519-540Jin Y L,Liang C K,He G L,et al.Study on distribution of endemic arsenism in China[J].Journal of Hygiene Research,2003,32(6):519-540(in Chinese)
- [21]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB5749—2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2006
- [22]王德永.煤中砷含量分布特征和分级研究[J].煤质技术,2000(6):27
- [23]范中学.陕南农村居室空气氟砷污染现状[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2006,21(2):106-107Fan Z X.The situation of fluorin and arsenic pollution in resident air and strategy of control in village of South of Shaanxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Control of En-demic Diseases,2006,21(2):106-107(in Chinese)
- [24]周运书,周代兴.一起燃煤所致人群慢性砷中毒的调查[J].中国公共卫生,1994,10(1):41
- [25]周代兴,刘定南.高砷煤污染引起慢性砷中毒的调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,1993,27(3):147-150
- [26]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB2762—2005食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2005
- [27]Hamilton E I.Arsenic exposure and health effects-book review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2001,280:257-258
- [28]张爱华,黄晓欣,蒋宪瑶,等.贵州省燃煤型砷中毒研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2000,16(8):735-736
- [29]Silvera S A N,Rohan T E.Trace elements and cancer risk:A review of the epidemiologic evidence[J].Canc-er Causes and Control,2007,18(1):7-27
- [30]Smith A H,Steinmaus C M.Health effect of arsenic and chromium in drinking water:Recent human find-ings[J].Annual Review of Public Health,2009,30:107-122
- [31]Smith A H,Ercumen A,Yuan Y,et al.Increased lung cancer risks are similar whether arsenic is ingested or inhaled[J].Journal of Exposure Science and Environ-mental Epidemiology,2009,19(4):343-348
- [32]Piamphongsant T.Chronic environmental arsenic poi-soning[J].International Journal of Dermatology,1999,38(6):401-410
- [33]Jomova K,Jenisova Z,Feszterova M,et al.Arsenic:Toxicity,oxidative stress and human disease[J].Jour-nal of Applied Toxicology,2011,31(2):95-107
- [34]Stoica A,Pentecost E,Martin M B.Effects of arsenite on estrogen receptor-alpha expression and activity in MCF-7breast cancer cells[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(10):3595-3602
- [35]王国荃,郑玉建,姚华,等.新疆奎屯地区地方性砷中毒致癌致突变远期作用的干预研究[J].新疆医科大学学报,2004,27(1):12-14Wang G Q,Zheng Y J,Yao H,et al.Study of interven-tion experiment and it’s long-term effects in endem-ic arsenism in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2004,27(1):12-14(in Chinese)
- [36]侯少范,杨林生,李德珠,等.硒维康治疗地方性砷中毒临床效果观察[J].中国地方病学杂志,1999,18(5):369-372Hou SF,Yang L S,Li D Z,et al.Observation of clinical effect of treatment of endemic arsenism with Xiwei-kang[J].China Journal of Endemiology,1999,18(5):369-372(in Chinese)
- [37]曹文发,刘军,胡运森.燃煤污染型砷中毒皮肤病变调查[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2006,20(3):173-174Cao W F,Liu J,Hu Y S.Investigation of changes of the skin caused by arsenic poisoning of carbon monoxide pollution[J].Chinese Journal of Dermal Venereol,2006,20(3):173-174(in Chinese)
- [38]Yu H S,Liao W T,Chai C Y.Arsenic carcinogenesis in the skin[J].Journal of Biomedical Science,2006,13(5):657-666
- [39]杨林生,武克恭.地方性砷中毒患者皮肤改变与发砷关系研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2000,19(1):62-64Yang L S,Wu K G.Study on the relation between arse-nism patients’skin changes and their hair As content[J].China Journal of Endemiology,2000,19(1):62-64(in Chinese)
- [40]高健伟,杨林生,虞江萍.陕南燃煤型砷中毒典型村居民的发砷含量特征[J].职业与健康,2011,27(17):1972-1974Gao J W,Yang L S,Yu J P.Characteristics of hair arsenic contents among residents in typical village with arsenism caused by burning coal in Southern Shaanxi[J].Occupation and Health,2011,27(17):1972-1974(in Chinese)
- [41]王连方,王生玲,朱绍濂,等.两型地方性砷中毒某些临床表现比较[J].地方病通报,1996,11(2):91-95Wang L F,Wang S L,Zhu S L,et al.Comparison of some clinical manifestations between two types of en-demic arsenism[J].Endemic Diseases Bulletin,1996,11(2):91-95(in Chinese)
- [42]Pellizzari E D,Clayton C A.Assessing the measure-ment precision of various arsenic forms and arsenic ex-posure in national human exposure assessment survey(NHEXAS)[J].Environment Health Perspectives,2006,114(2):220-227
- [43]Bae M,Watanabe C,Inaoka T,et al.Arsenic in cooked rice in Bangladesh[J].Lancet,2002,360(9348):1839-1840
- [44]Watanabe C,Kawata A,Sudo N,et al.Water intake in an Asian population living in arsenic contaminated area[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2004,198(3):272-282
- [45]Zavala Y J,Duxbury J M.Arsenic in rice:I.Estimating normal levels of total arsenic in rice grain[J].Environ-mental Science&Technology,2008,42(10):3856-3860
- [46]Zhu Y G,Williams P N,Meharg A A.Exposure to in-organic arsenic from rice:A global health issue?[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,154(2):169-171
- [47]周代兴,周运书,周陈,等.燃煤型砷中毒病区居民总摄砷量与病情的相关研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1994,13(4):215-218Zhou D X,Zhou Y S,Zhou C,et al.Correlation of total arsenic intalce and incidence of its poisoning in coal type endemic[J].China Journal of Endemiology,1994,13(4):215-218(in Chinese).
- [48]Pal A,Nayak B,Das B,et al.Additional danger of arse-nic exposure through inhalation from burning of cow dung cakes laced with arsenic as a fuel in arsenic affect-ed villages in Ganga Meghna Brahmaputra plain[J],Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2007,9(10):1067-1070
- [49]International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC).Some Metals and Metallic Compounds Vol.84.IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans[R].Lyon:IARC,2004
- [50]Pongratz R.Arsenic speciation in environmental sam-ples of contaminated soil[J].Science of the Total En-vironment,1998,224(1-3):133-141
- [51]Devesa V,Velez D,Montoro R.Effect of thermal treatments on arsenic species contents in food[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2008,46(1):1-8
- [52]Hering J G,Chiu V Q.Arsenic occurrence and specia-tion in municipal ground water based supply system[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2000,126(5):471-474
- [53]Chen S L,Dzeng S R,Yang M H,et al.Arsenic species in groundwaters of the blackfoot disease area,Taiwan[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1994,28(5):877-881
- [54]林年丰,汤洁.我国砷中毒病区的环境特征研究[J].地理科学,1999,19(2):135-139Lin N F,Tang J.The study on environmental charac-teristics in arseniasis areas in China[J].Scientia Geo-graphica Sinica,1999,19(2):135-139(in Chinese)
- [55]虞江萍,杨林生,王五一,等.高砷煤燃烧影响下室内外空气砷含量特征[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(8):913-917Yu J P,Yang L S,Wang W Y,et al.Characteristics of in-door and outdoor air arsenic content as influenced by combustion of high arsenic coal[J].Research of Environ-mental Sciences,2009,22(8):913-917(in Chinese)
- [56]孙俊民,姚强,刘惠永.燃煤排放可吸入颗粒物中砷的分布于富集机理[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(1):78-82Sun J M,Yao Q,Liu H Y,et al.Distribution of arsenic in PM10and PM2.5caused by coal combustion and its enrichment mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Soci-ety,2004,29(1):78-82(in Chinese)
- [57]Wojas B,Almquist C.Mass concentrations and metals spe-ciation of PM2.5,PM10,and total suspended solids in Oxford,Ohio and comparison with those from metro-politan sites in the Greater Cincinnati Region[J].At-mospheric Environment,2007,41(39):9064-9078
- [58]Lewis A S,Reid K R,Pollock M C.Speciated arsenic in air:Measurement methodology and risk assessment considerations[J].Journal of the Air and Waste Man-agement Association,2012,62(1):2-17
- [59]Sánchez de la Campa A M,de la Rosa J D,Sánchez-Rodas D,et al.Arsenic speciation study of PM2.5in an urban area near a copper smelter[J].Atmospheric En-vironment,2008,42(26):6487-6495
- [60]贺婷婷,李柏,徐殿斗,等.磷酸超声提取大气颗粒物中砷的多种形态[J].分析化学,2011,39(4):491-495He T T,Li B,Xu D D,et al.Ultrasonic extraction of arsenic speciation in atmospheric particles with phos-phoric acid[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemis-try,2011,39(4):491-495(in Chinese)
- [61]宋楚华.大气颗粒物中痕量砷的形态分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(13):45-47Song C H.Analysis of arsenic speciation in atmospheric particulate matters[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(13):45-47(in Chinese)
- [62]Diaz O P,Leyton I,Munoz O.Contribution of water,bread,and vegetables(raw and cooked)to dietary in-take of inorganic arsenic in a rural village of Northern Chile[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(6):1773-1779
- [63]Lombi E,Scheckel K G,Pallon J,et al.Speciation and distribution of arsenic and localization of nutrients in rice grain[J].New Phytologist,2009,184(1):193-201
- [64]Huang J H,Fecher P,Ilgen G,et al.Speciation of arse-nite and arsenate in rice grain—Verification of nitric acid based extraction method and mass sample survey[J].Food Chemistry,2012,130(2):453-459
- [65]Cubadda F,Raggi A,Zanasi F,et al.From durum wheat to pasta:Effect of technological processing on the lev-els of arsenic,cadmium,lead and nicke—A pilot study[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,2003,20(4):353-360
- [66]Laparra J M,Velez D,Barbera R,et al.Bioavailability of inorganic arsenic in cooked rice:Practical aspects for human risk assessments[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(22):8829-8833
- [67]van Elteren J T,Slejkovec Z.Ion-exchange separa-tion of eight arsenic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV decomposition-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and sta-bility test for food treatment procedures[J].Journal of Chromatography,1997,789(1-2):339-340
- [68]National Research Council.Arsenic in Drinking Water[M].Washington DC:National Academy Press,1999:151
- [69]Shrestha R R,Shrestha M P,Upadhyay N P.Groundwa-ter arsenic contamination,its health impact and miti-gation program in Nepal[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Sub-stances and Environmental Engineering,2003,38(1):185-200
- [70]Csanaky L,Gregus Z.Species variations in the biliary and urinary excretion of arsenate,arsenite and their metabolites[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physi-ology Part C-Toxicology and Pharmacology,2002,131(3):355-365
- [71]Buchet J P,Lauwerys R,Roels H.Urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites after repeated in-gestion of sodium metaarsenite by volunteers[J].Inter-national Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,1981,48(2):111-118
- [72]张敏,胡晓抒,刘湘玲,等.低砷暴露人群内外暴露指标间的相关性研究[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2011,26(4):247-249Zhang M,Hu X S,Liu X L,et al.Study on the relation-ships between external and internal exposure biomark-ers of arsenic[J].Chinese Journal of Control of En-demic Diseases,2011,26(4):247-249(in Chinese)
- [73]徐苑苑,李昕,梁秀芬,等.内蒙古不同浓度砷暴露人群尿砷代谢产物研究[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(8):956-957Xu Y Y,Li X,Liang X F,et al.Study on urinary arsenic metabolites of population with different concentrations of arsenic in drinking water in Inner Mongolia[J].Chi-nese Journal of Public Health,2006,22(8):956-957(in Chinese)
- [74]王述全,付强,安东,等.燃煤污染型砷中毒不同病情人群尿砷分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,1997,16(2):113-114
- [75]郑来义,李家兴,李家发,等.陕西镇巴双河村燃煤型地方性砷中毒流行现状调查[J].微量元素与健康研究,2010,27(3):43-45Zheng L Y,Li J X,Li J F,et al.The investigation of the current situation of coalburning type endemic ar-senic poisoning in Shuanghe Village Zhenba County in Shanxi Province[J].Studies of Trace Elements and Health,2010,27(3):43-45(in Chinese)
- [76]Le X C,Ma M S,Lu X F,et al.Determination of mon-omethylarsonous acid,a key arsenic methylation inter-mediate,in human urine[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108(11):1015-1018
- [77]Del Razo L M,Quintanilla-Vega B,Brambila-Co-lombres E,et al.Stress proteins induced by arsenic[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2001,177(2):132-148
- [78]Thomas D J,Styblo M,Lin S.The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2001,176(2):127-144
- [79]Styblo M,Del Razo L M,Vega L,et al.Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells[J].Ar-chives of Toxicology,2000,74(6):289-299
- [80]Mazumder D N G,Steinmaus C,Bhattacharya P,et al.Bronchiectasis in persons with skin lesions resulting from arsenic in drinking water[J].Epidemiology,2005,16(6):760-765
- [81]Chung J S,Kalman D A,Moore L E,et al.Family cor-relations of arsenic methylation patterns in children and parents exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water[J].Environmental Health Perspec-tives,2002,110(7):729-733
- [82]Gao J W,Yu J P,Yang L S.Urinary arsenic metabo-lites of subjects exposed to elevated arsenic present in coal Shaanxi Provinces,China[J].International Jour-nal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2011,8(6):1991-200