《海水水质标准(GB3097—1997)》定值的合理性浅析——以铅和甲基对硫磷为例Rationality Analysis of the Existing Marine Water Quality Standard(GB 3097-1997): A Case Study on Lead and Methyl-Parathion
王菊英;穆景利;王莹;
摘要(Abstract):
基于物种敏感度分布曲线法,推导了铅和甲基对硫磷的海水水质基准低值和高值,并与《海水水质标准(GB 3097—1997)》中铅和甲基对硫磷的相关标准限值进行了比较,结果表明目前尚缺乏充分的科学证据说明我国现行的海水水质标准可以为我国海洋环境中大多数水生生物提供适当的保护,不同污染物的标准定值存在着一定程度的"欠保护"和"过保护"的问题。此外,结合我国近岸海水水质监测资料,在剖析了海水水质标准定值的合理性的基础上,对我国今后的海水水质基准和标准的研究进行了展望,给出了相应的对策和建议。
关键词(KeyWords): 铅;甲基对硫磷;海水水生生物;海水水质标准;海水水质基准;物种敏感度分布
基金项目(Foundation): 海洋公益性科研专项(201305002;201205012)
作者(Author): 王菊英;穆景利;王莹;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]马德毅,王菊英,洪鸣,等.海洋环境质量基准研究方法学浅析[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011:3-5
- [2]Wu F C,Feng C L,Zhang R Q,et al.Derivation of water quality criteria for representative water-body pollutants in China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):900-906
- [3]Feng C L,Wu F C,Zhao X L,et al.Water quality criteria research and progress[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):882-891
- [4]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.锌对淡水生物的毒性特征与水质基准的研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):367-382Wu F C,Feng C L,Cao Y J,et al.Toxicity characteristic of zinc to freshwater biota and its water quality criteria[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(4):367-382(in Chinese)
- [5]吴丰昌,冯承莲,曹宇静,等.我国铜的淡水生物水质基准研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(6):619-630Wu F C,Feng C L,Cao Y J,et al.Aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for copper in China[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(6):619-630(in Chinese)
- [6]李会仙,张瑞卿,吴丰昌,等.中美淡水生物区系中汞物种敏感度分布比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(5):1183-1191Li H X,Zhang R Q,Wu F C,et al.Comparison of mercury species sensitivity distributions of freshwater biota in China and the United States[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(5):1183-1191(in Chinese)
- [7]孟伟,吴丰昌.水质基准的理论与方法学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:20-22
- [8]吴丰昌,李会仙.水质基准理论与方法学及案例研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:4-6
- [9]穆景利,王莹,王菊英,等.海水水质基准的研究方法与我国海水水质基准的构建[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(6):761-768Mu J L,Wang Y,Wang J Y,et al.Methods of deriving marine water quality criterioin and proposal for establishment of national marine water quality criterion in China[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(6):761-768(in Chinese)
- [10]张瑞卿,吴丰昌,李会仙,等.中外水质基准发展趋势与存在问题[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):2049-2056Zhang R Q,Wu F C,Li H X,et al.Water quality criteria at home and abroad:Development trend and existed problems[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(3):2049-2056(in Chinese)
- [11]Zabel T,Cole S.The derivation of environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic life in the UK[J].Water and Environment Journal,1999,13(6):436-440
- [12]National Institute of Public Health and the Environment.Guidance Document on Deriving Environmental Risk Limits[R].Bilthoven:RIVM,2001
- [13]Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.A Protocol for the Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life.Canadian Environ-mental Quality Guidelines[R].Ottawa:CCME,2007
- [14]吴丰昌,冯承莲,张瑞卿,等.我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(5):665-672
- [15]Wheeler J R,Leung K M,Morritt D,et al.Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distributions[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2002,21(11):2459-2467
- [16]暨卫东.中国近海海洋环境质量现状与背景值研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011:123-127
- [17]US Environmental Protection Agency.Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and their Uses[R].Washington DC:US EPA,2009
- [18]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国近岸海域环境质量公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2011
- [19]任朝兴,杨家欢.固相萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法同时测定海水中的甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和对硫磷[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(4):586-588Ren C X,Yang J H.Determination of methyl parathion,malathion and parathion in seawater by GC/MS with solid—phase extraction[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010,29(4):586-588(in Chinese)
- [20]夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:19-21