杨晨昱;张敏;渠晓东;彭文启;余杨;朱翔;

• 1:中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所
• 2:三峡大学水利与环境学院

摘要(Abstract)：

由于受人类活动干扰的加强以及受与长江干流之间"江湖关系"变化的影响,近年来鄱阳湖水生生态系统的状况及变化受到较多关注。对底栖动物群落结构的研究将有助于了解鄱阳湖生态系统结构现状及影响因子,对鄱阳湖保护对策的制定形成有效支撑。2016年7月,对鄱阳湖湖区(分别于鄱阳湖保护区和南矶山保护区)的底栖动物群落结构及相关环境因子进行了调查。调查共发现大型底栖动物27种,隶属于5门8纲,平均密度为48.40 ind.·m-2,其中主要以软体动物门为主;平均生物量为28.12 g·m-2,亦主要由软体动物门贡献。湖区主要优势种为河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)(优势度y=0.0655)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)(y=0.0336)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)(y=0.0268)。底栖动物密度、生物量及多样性指数均呈现出鄱阳湖保护区高于南矶山保护区的格局,且二者在群落组成上有明显差异,鄱阳湖自然保护区主要以腹足纲和寡毛纲为主,南矶山自然保护区主要以瓣鳃纲和腹足纲为主。典范对应分析的结果显示,鄱阳湖保护区主要受到高水深、低浊度及高溶氧的影响;南矶山保护区各样点之间群落相似性较差,分别受不同因子的影响,这表明在各区域内部,局域微生境在局域群落结构的塑造上起主要作用,因此该区域内生态系统的保护应适当考虑空间尺度。

关键词(KeyWords)： 鄱阳湖;自然保护区;底栖动物;环境影响

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学项目基金(No.51439007;51779275);; 中国水利水电科学研究院领军人才项目(No:WE0145B532017)

作者(Author): 杨晨昱;张敏;渠晓东;彭文启;余杨;朱翔;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]闵骞,占蜡生.1952-2011年鄱阳湖枯水变化分析[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(5):675-678Min Q,Zhan L S.Characteristics of low-water levelchanges in Lake Poyang during 1952-2011[J].Journal of Lake Science,2012,24(5):675-678(in Chinese)
• [2]Zhang Z X,Chen X,Xu C Y,et al.Examining the influence of river-lake interaction on the drought and water resources in the Poyang Lake basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,522:510-521
• [3]Li M H,Zhang W,Xia Y,et al.Study on removal efficiencies of pollutant from constructed wetland in aquiculture waste water around Poyang Lake[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10:2444-2448
• [4]刘润润,邓祥征,金琴,等.鄱阳湖流域经济增长与氮磷排放关系[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2169-2174Liu R R,Deng X Z,Jin Q,et al.Relationship between economic growth and emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Poyang Lake Basin[J].Resources Science,2011,33(11):2169-2174(in Chinese)
• [5]陈晓玲,张媛,张琍,等.丰水期鄱阳湖水体中氮、磷含量分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(5):643-648Chen X L,Zhang Y,Zhang L,et al.Distribution charac-teristic of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Poyang during high water period[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(5):643-648(in Chinese)
• [6]吴召仕,王卷乐,夏颖,等.水网藻水华在鄱阳湖的记录[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):481-484Wu Z S,Wang J L,Xia Y,et al.A record of bloom in Lake Poyang:Hydrodictyon reticulatum[J].Journal of Lake Science,2014,26(3):481-484(in Chinese)
• [7]Covich A P,Palmer M A,Crowl T A.The role of benthic invertebrate species in freshwater ecosystems:Zoobenthic species influence energy flows and nutrient cycling[J].Bio Science,1999,49:119-127
• [8]Vanni M J.Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002,33:341-370
• [9]Lindegaard C.The role of zoobenthos in energy flow in two shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1994,275/276:313-322
• [10]张敏,蔡庆华,唐涛,等.洱海流域湖泊大型底栖动物群落结构及空间分布[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1696-1702Zhang M,Cai Q H,Tang T,et al.Macrobenthos community structure and its spatial distribution in Erhai watershed lakes[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(8):1696-1702(in Chinese)
• [11]Chen K N,Bao C H,Zhou W P.Ecological restoration in eutrophic Lake Wuli:A large enclosure experiment[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,35(11):1646-1655
• [12]Wang Z Y,Lee J H W,Cheng D,et al.Benthic invertebrates investigation in the East River and habitat restoration strategies[J].Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2008,2(1):19-27
• [13]谢钦铭,李云,熊国根.鄱阳湖底栖动物生态研究及其底层鱼产力的估算[J].江西科学,1995,13(3):163-165Xie Q M,Li Y,Xiong G G.Study on the ecology of zoobenthos and the estimation of bottom-fish productivity in Poyang Lake[J].Jiangxi Science,1995,13(3):163-165(in Chinese)
• [14]欧阳珊,詹诚,陈堂华,等.鄱阳湖大型底栖动物物种多样性及资源现状评价[J].南昌大学学报,2009,31(1):10-11Ouyang S,Zhan C,Chen T H,et al.Species diversity and resource assessment of marcrozoobenthos in Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Nanchang University,2009,31(1):10-11(in Chinese)
• [15]肖晋志.鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及其多样性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2012:11-12Xiao J Z.Studies on the community structure and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve and nearly rivers[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2012:11-12(in Chinese)
• [16]胡成龙.鄱阳湖大型底栖动物群落结构研究[D].上海:东华理工大学,2014:40-42Hu C L.Study on the community structure of marcobenthos in Poyang Lake[D].Shanghai:East China University of Technology,2014:40-42(in Chinese)
• [17]Lampitt R S,Wishner K F,Turley C M,et al.Marine snow studies in the northeast Atlantic:Distribution,composition and roles as a food source for migrating plankton[J].Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702
• [18]LepsJ,Smilauer P.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003
• [19]王毛兰,周文斌,胡春华.鄱阳湖湖区水体氮、磷污染状况分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(3):334-338Wang M L,Zhou W B,Hu C H.Status of nitrogen and phosphorus in waters of Lake Poyang Basin[J].Journal of Lake Science,2008,20(3):334-338(in Chinese)
• [20]王娜.中国五大湖区湖泊生态系统结构及水生生物演化比较研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012:14-17Wang N.The comparison in ecosystem structure and aquatic organisms’evolution of the five lake distracts in China[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2012:14-17(in Chinese)
• [21]王丑明,张屹,石慧华,等.洞庭湖大型底栖动物群落结构和水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(2):395-404Wang C M,Zhang Y,Shi H H,et al.Macrozoobenthic community structure and bioassessment of water quality in Lake Dongting,China[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(2):395-404(in Chinese)
• [22]赵永晶,刘学勤.巢湖水向湖滨带底栖动物群落结构研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):40-44Zhao Y J,Liu X Q.Community structure of macrozoobenthos in the littoral zone of the Chaohu Lake[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(2):40-44(in Chinese)
• [23]许浩,蔡永久,汤祥明,等.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境生物评价[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):840-852Xu H,Cai Y J,Tang X M,et al.Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake sciences,2015,27(5):840-852(in Chinese)
• [24]李艳,蔡永久,秦伯强,等.太湖霍甫水丝蚓的时空格局[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):450-459Li Y,Cai Y J,Qin B Q,et al.Temporal and spatial patterns of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède in Lake Taihua[J].Journal of Lake Science,2012,24(3):450-459(in Chinese)
• [25]张敏,蔡庆华,孙志禹,等.三峡水库水位波动对支流库湾底栖动物群落的影响及其时滞性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(1):101-107Zhang M,Cai Q H,Sun Z Y,et al.Effect and its time lags of water level fluctuation in Three Gorges Reservoir on the marcroinvertebrates in a tributary bay[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2015,21(1):101-107(in Chinese)
• [26]Zhang M,Cai Q,Qu X.Impacts of flood-driven water level fluctuations on macroinvertebrate assemblages in different zones of a long and narrow subtropical reservoir-bay[J].Quaternary International,2017,440:111-118
• [27]蔡炜,蔡永久,龚志军,等.太湖河蚬时空格局[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(5):714-722Cai W,Cai Y J,Gong Z J,et al.Temporal and spatial patterns of Corbicula fluminea in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Science,2010,22(5):714-722(in Chinese)
• [28]Aroviita J,Hamalainen H.The impact of water-level regulation on littoral macroinvertebrate assemblages in boreal lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,613:45-56
• [29]Brand A,Lacy J R,Hsu K,et al.Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay:Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115:C11024
• [30]Whittaker R H.Vegetation of the Siskiyou mountains,Oregon and California[J].Ecological Monographs,1960,30(3):279-338
• [31]Mori A S,Furukawa T,Sasaki T.Response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change[J].Biological Reviews,2013,88(2):349-364
• [32]Forest I,Dylan C,John C,et al.Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes[J].Nature,2015,526:574-577
• [33]Jousset A,Schmid B,Scheu S,et al.Genotypic richness and dissimilarity opposingly affect ecosystem functioning[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14:537-545