何忠文;席贻龙;陈艳;张根;温新利;

• 1:安徽师范大学生命科学学院安徽省高校生物环境与生态安全省级重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

运用微宇宙实验方法研究了浓度为0.2、2.0、20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT对池塘模型生态系统结构和功能的影响.结果表明,整个实验过程(4周)中对照组和浓度为0.2、2.0、20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT暴露组水体pH均值分别比实验前下降了0.28、0.19、0.15、0.38和0.37,电导率均值分别下降了6.3%、3.1%、4.7%、6.6%和8.6%;对照组和0.2、2.0、20.0μg·L-1组水体溶解氧(DO值)分别上升了27.3%、28.1%、26.4%和14.4%,而200.0μg·L-1组的DO值下降了7.2%.各组中总磷浓度在实验中后期即下降到较低的水平,总氮的浓度也大幅度下降.和对照组相比,200.0μg·L-1的DDT对大型水生植物优势种类浮萍(Lemna minor)的生长繁殖具有抑制作用,而其它浓度的DDT具有促进作用;DDT对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的生长影响不明显.DDT可使浮游动物种类减少.2.0μg·L-1的DDT对方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangula)、枝角类和桡足类密度均具有促进作用,20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT使轮虫和介形亚纲动物数量在实验后期上升,除此以外,随时间的推移,各浓度的DDT使各类浮游动物密度下降的幅度均大于对照组.与实验前相比,对照组以及浓度为0.2、2.0和20.0μg·L-1的暴露组中凸旋螺(Cyraulus convexiusculus)重量分别增加了12.8%、5.3%、102.2%和219.9%,而200.0μg·L-1组中凸旋螺重量下降了33.8%.随着DDT浓度的升高,微宇宙中的细菌总数总体呈现出下降的趋势.整个实验过程中,对照组的群落总生产量/群落呼吸量(P/R比值)的平均值接近于1,表明生态系统成熟稳定;而各暴露组P/R比值均大于1.1,这可能与DDT对浮游动物具有较强的毒性作用,而对水生植物没有明显影响有关.

关键词(KeyWords)： 微宇宙;DDT;大型水生植物;浮游动物;群落代谢;毒性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(No.30470323);; 教育部科学技术研究重点项目基金(No.051286);; 安徽省优秀青年基金项目(No.08040106904);; 安徽省教育厅自然科研基金重点项目(No.2003kj032zd);; 重要生物资源的保护和利用研究安徽省重点实验室专项基金

作者(Author): 何忠文;席贻龙;陈艳;张根;温新利;

Email:

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