DDT对池塘模型生态系统的影响Effects of DDT on Model Ecosystems of Ponds
何忠文;席贻龙;陈艳;张根;温新利;
摘要(Abstract)：
运用微宇宙实验方法研究了浓度为0.2、2.0、20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT对池塘模型生态系统结构和功能的影响.结果表明,整个实验过程(4周)中对照组和浓度为0.2、2.0、20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT暴露组水体pH均值分别比实验前下降了0.28、0.19、0.15、0.38和0.37,电导率均值分别下降了6.3%、3.1%、4.7%、6.6%和8.6%;对照组和0.2、2.0、20.0μg·L-1组水体溶解氧(DO值)分别上升了27.3%、28.1%、26.4%和14.4%,而200.0μg·L-1组的DO值下降了7.2%.各组中总磷浓度在实验中后期即下降到较低的水平,总氮的浓度也大幅度下降.和对照组相比,200.0μg·L-1的DDT对大型水生植物优势种类浮萍(Lemna minor)的生长繁殖具有抑制作用,而其它浓度的DDT具有促进作用;DDT对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的生长影响不明显.DDT可使浮游动物种类减少.2.0μg·L-1的DDT对方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangula)、枝角类和桡足类密度均具有促进作用,20.0和200.0μg·L-1的DDT使轮虫和介形亚纲动物数量在实验后期上升,除此以外,随时间的推移,各浓度的DDT使各类浮游动物密度下降的幅度均大于对照组.与实验前相比,对照组以及浓度为0.2、2.0和20.0μg·L-1的暴露组中凸旋螺(Cyraulus convexiusculus)重量分别增加了12.8%、5.3%、102.2%和219.9%,而200.0μg·L-1组中凸旋螺重量下降了33.8%.随着DDT浓度的升高,微宇宙中的细菌总数总体呈现出下降的趋势.整个实验过程中,对照组的群落总生产量/群落呼吸量(P/R比值)的平均值接近于1,表明生态系统成熟稳定;而各暴露组P/R比值均大于1.1,这可能与DDT对浮游动物具有较强的毒性作用,而对水生植物没有明显影响有关.
关键词(KeyWords)： 微宇宙;DDT;大型水生植物;浮游动物;群落代谢;毒性
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(No.30470323);; 教育部科学技术研究重点项目基金(No.051286);; 安徽省优秀青年基金项目(No.08040106904);; 安徽省教育厅自然科研基金重点项目(No.2003kj032zd);; 重要生物资源的保护和利用研究安徽省重点实验室专项基金
作者(Author): 何忠文;席贻龙;陈艳;张根;温新利;
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DOI:
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