曹嘉晨;郑有飞;赵辉;徐静馨;

• 1:南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心
• 2:南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院
• 3:南京信息工程大学大气物理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

我国近地层臭氧污染日趋严重,其不断增加的浓度对农作物的生长造成了严重威胁。以冬小麦和大豆为研究对象,基于大田开顶式气室(OTC)试验,分别设置对照(CK)、100 n L·L~(-1)和150 n L·L~(-1)这3个O3浓度处理组,对2种作物生长指标和产量等参数连续观测,结果表明:O3浓度增加对冬小麦和大豆的株高、叶面积和生物量产生影响,并且对大豆的影响更为明显。与此同时,O3浓度增加使得冬小麦的穗重、穗粒数以及大豆的单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重都呈现大幅度下降状态,进而导致其产量降低。在100 n L·L~(-1)臭氧处理下,冬小麦产量较CK降低了12.89%,而大豆产量下降了23.76%。在150 n L·L~(-1)的臭氧处理下,冬小麦产量较对照组降低了29.23%,大豆则比对照组下降了41.57%,与CK相比,大豆产量下降更为明显。上述研究表明,臭氧污染对农作物的生长具有显著影响,且大豆对O3的反应比冬小麦敏感。

关键词(KeyWords)： 臭氧浓度;冬小麦;大豆;生长;产量

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41475108,41575110)

作者(Author): 曹嘉晨;郑有飞;赵辉;徐静馨;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Vingarzan R.A review of surface ozone background levels and trends[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(21):3431-3442
• [2]Luo C,John J C S,Zhou X,et al.A nonurban ozone air pollution episode over Eastern China:Observations and model simulations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2000,105(D2):1889-1908
• [3]Elliot S,Blake D R,Duce R A,et al.Motorization of China implies changes in Pacific air chemistry and primary production[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1997,24(21):2671-2674
• [4]Wang X K,Manning W,Feng Z W,et al.Ground-level ozone in China:Distribution and effects on crop yields[J].Environmental Pollution(Barking,Essex:1987),2007,147(2):394-400
• [5]Ashmore M,Toet S,Emberson L.Ozone—A significant threat to future world food production?[J].New Phytologist,2006,170(2):201-204
• [6]Avnery S,Mauzerall D L,Liu J,et al.Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure:1.Year 2000crop production losses and economic damage[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(13):2284-2296
• [7]Avnery S,Mauzerall D L,Liu J,et al.Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure:2.Year 2030potential crop production losses and economic damage under two scenarios of O3pollution[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(13):2297-2309
• [8]李彩虹,李勇,乌云塔娜,等.高浓度臭氧对大豆生长发育及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(9):2347-2352Li C H,Li Y,Wuyun T N,et al.Effects of high concentration ozone on soybean growth and grain yield[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(9):2347-2352(in Chinese)
• [9]耿春梅,王宗爽,任丽红,等.大气臭氧浓度升高对农作物产量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(3):239-241Geng C M,Wang Z S,Ren L H,et al.Study on the impact of elevated atmospheric ozone on crop yield[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(3):239-241(in Chinese)
• [10]佟磊,王效科,肖航,等.我国近地层臭氧污染对水稻和冬小麦产量的影响概述[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(3):161-169Tong L,Wang X K,Xiao H,et al.The effects of surface ozone on the yields of rice and winter wheat in China[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(3):161-169(in Chinese)
• [11]王春乙.OTC—1型开顶式气室的结构和性能与国内外同类气室的比较[J].环境科学进展,1996,4(1):50-57Wang C Y.The structure and function comparison between OTC-1 open top chamber with the similar one in home and overseas[J].Advances in Environmental Science,1996,4(1):50-57(in Chinese)
• [12]Bender J,Weigel H J,Wegner U,et al.Response of cellular antioxidants to ozone in wheat flag leaves at different stages of plant development[J].Environmental Pollution(Barking,Essex:1987),1994,84(1):15-21
• [13]Fuhrer J,Skrby L,Ashmore M R.Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe[J].Environmental Pollution,1997,97(1-2):91-106
• [14]白月明,霍治国,王春乙,等.臭氧浓度增加对冬小麦叶片影响的试验研究[J].中国农业气象,2001,22(4):22-27Bai Y M,Huo Z G,Wang C Y,et al.The experimental study on influence of increasing O3concentration on winter wheat leaf[J].Agricultural Meteorology,2001,22(4):22-27(in Chinese)
• [15]郑有飞,刘瑞娜,吴荣军,等.地表臭氧胁迫对大豆干物质生产和分配的影响[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):73-80Zheng Y F,Liu R N,Wu R J,et al.Impacts of surface ozone exposure on dry matter production and distribution of soybean[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2011,32(1):73-80(in Chinese)
• [16]王春乙,郭建平,白月明,等.O3浓度增加对冬小麦影响的实验研究[J].气象学报,2002,60(2):238-241Wang C Y,Guo J P,Bai Y M,et al.Experimental study of impacts by increasing ozone concentration on winter wheat[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2002,60(2):238-241(in Chinese)
• [17]姚芳芳,王效科,陈展,等.农田冬小麦生长和产量对臭氧动态暴露的响应[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):212-219Yao F F,Wang X K,Chen Z,et al.Response of photosynthesis,growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat to ozone exposure[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(1):212-219(in Chinese)
• [18]刘宏举,郑有飞,吴荣军,等.地表臭氧浓度增加对南京地区冬小麦生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(2):195-200Liu H J,Zheng Y F,Wu R J,et al.Impacts of increasing surface ozone on growth and yield of winter wheat in Nanjing Area[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2009,30(2):195-200(in Chinese)
• [19]王春乙,白月明.臭氧和气溶胶浓度变化对农作物的影响研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:47
• [20]Meyer U,Kollner B,Willenbrink J,et al.Effects of different ozone exposure regimes on photosynthesis,assimilates and thousand grain weight in spring wheat[J].Agriculture,2000,78(1):49-55
• [21]冯兆忠,小林和彦,王效科,等.小麦产量形成对大气臭氧浓度升高响应的整合分析[J].科学通报,2008,52(24):3080-3085
• [22]郑有飞,吴荣军.地表臭氧变化特征及其作物响应[M].北京:气象出版社,2012:48
• [23]金东艳,赵天宏,付宇,等.臭氧浓度升高对大豆光合作用及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(4):632-635Jin D Y,Zhao T H,Fu Y,et al.Effects of elevated ozone concentration on soybean photosynthesis and yield[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(4):632-635(in Chinese)