周燊港;邹海凤;董娴;林香男;陈卓;

• 1:贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院
• 2:贵阳市大气细粒子和大气污染化学重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

为了更准确地研究重金属的生物有效性和对环境与人体的潜在生态危害,采用改进BCR法分析了贵阳市冬季PM_(2.5)中Cu、Mn、Co、Cd、Pb这5种重金属元素的化学形态,并评价了它们的生物有效性和健康风险。结果表明:不同重金属元素形态分布存在差异,Cu主要是弱酸溶态,其次是可氧化态;Mn主要是弱酸溶态,其次是残渣态;Co没有检测出可还原态,而在其他3种形态分布比较平均;Pb和Cd绝大部分都是弱酸溶态。生物有效性系数(K)分析结果表明:重金属生物有效性强弱顺序为Cd>Pb>Mn>Cu>Co,其中Cd和Pb的K>0.8,属于生物可利用性元素;Mn、Cu、Co的K值在0.4~0.7之间,属于潜在生物可利用性元素。健康风险评价表明:成人的致癌风险比儿童大,尤其Cd对成年人存在潜在的致癌风险,且成年男性高于成年女性;Mn存在潜在非致癌风险,且对儿童的风险最大。

关键词(KeyWords)： PM2.5;重金属;化学形态;生物有效性;健康风险评价

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 贵阳市科技重大专项计划(筑科合同[2011401]社6-3号);; 贵阳市科技创新平台计划(筑科合同[2012303]14号);; 贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7063号)

作者(Author): 周燊港;邹海凤;董娴;林香男;陈卓;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]王文全,孙龙仁.乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中重金属元素含量和富集特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(5):23-27Wang W Q,Sun L R.Concentration and enrichment characteristic of heavy metal elements in PM2.5of Urumqi[J].Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2012,24(5):23-27(in Chinese)
• [2]Xia L L,Gao Y.Characterization of trace elements in PM2.5aerosols in the vicinity of highways in northeast New Jersey in the U.S.east coast[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2011,2(1):34-44
• [3]冯素萍,赵祥峰,唐厚全,等.大气颗粒物中元素Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni和Mn的形态分析[J].山东大学学报,2006,41(4):137-144Feng S P,Zhao X F,Tang H Q,et al.Speciation analysis of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni and Mn in TSP[J].Journal of Shandong University,2006,41(4):137-144(in Chinese)
• [4]王洵.PM10中重金属的提取方法及生物可利用性研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(10):1636-1642Wang X.Extraction method and bioaccessibility of heavy metal in PM10[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(10):1636-1642(in Chinese)
• [5]胡恭任,戚红璐,于瑞莲,等.大气降尘中重金属形态分析及生态风险评价[J].有色金属,2011,63(2):286-291Hu G R,Qi H L,Yu R L,et al.Speciation analysis of heavy metal in atmospheric dust and ecological risk assessment[J].Nonferrous Metals,2011,63(2):286-291(in Chinese)
• [6]Li H M,Wang J H,Wang Q G,et al.Chemical fractionation of arsenic and heavy metals in fine particle matter and its implications for risk assessment:A case study in Nanjing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,31(12):339-346
• [7]胡菁,杨成阁,陈卓,等.贵阳市秋、冬季节大气PM2.5重金属元素的污染特征[J].环境化学,2014,33(3):530-531Hu J,Yang C G,Chen Z,et al.Pollution characteristics of heavy metal elements in PM2.5during autumn and winterin Guiyang City[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(3):530-531(in Chinese)
• [8]Zhai Y B,Liu X T,Chen H M,et al.Source identification and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5from Changsha[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,14(6):109-115
• [9]环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013:156-164
• [10]Zhou S Z,Yuan Q,Li W J,et al.Trace metals in atmospheric fine particles in one industrial urbancity:Spatial variations,sources,and health implications[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26:205-213
• [11]US EPA.Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites[R].Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,2002
• [12]李小飞,陈志彪,张永贺,等.福州市公交枢纽站地表灰尘重金属含量、来源及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(8):906-912Li X F,Chen Z B,Zhang Y H,et al.Concentrations,sources and health risk assessments of heavy metals in ground surface dust from urban bus terminals of Fuzhou City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(8):906-912(in Chinese)
• [13]董婷,李天昕,段小丽,等.某焦化厂周边大气PM10重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(4):1238-1244Dong T,Li T X,Duan X L,et al.Source and health risk assessment of heavy metals in ambient air PM10from one coking plant[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(4):1238-1244(in Chinese)
• [14]唐荣莉,马克明,张育新,等.北京城市道路灰尘重金属污染的健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(8):2006-2015Tang R L,Ma K M,Zhang Y X,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals of street dust in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(8):2006-2015(in Chinese)
• [15]US EPA.Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I:Human Health Evaluation Manual[R].Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,1989
• [16]Sun Y Y,Hu X,Wu J C,et al.Fractionation and health risks of atmospheric particle-bound As and heavy metals in summer and winter[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,22(6):487-494
• [17]冯茜丹,党志,王焕香,等.PM10中重金属的分布及其在模拟酸雨中的释放[J].环境科学,2006,27(12):2386-2391Feng X D,Dang Z,Wang H X,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in PM10and its release in the simulated acid rain[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(12):2386-2391(in Chinese)
• [18]钱枫,杨仪方,张慧峰,等.北京交通环境PM10分布特征及重金属形态分析[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(6):608-614Qian F,Yang Y F,Zhang H F,et al.Distribution characteristics and speciation of heavy metals in PM10near urban roads and surrounding areas of Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(6):608-614(in Chinese)
• [19]Schleicher N J,Norra S,Chai F,et al.Temporal variability of trace metal mobility of urban particulate matter from Beijing-A contribution to health impact assessments of aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,30(8):7248-7265
• [20]Caboche J,Perdrix E,Malet B,et al.Development of an in vitro method to estimate lung bioaccessibility of metals from atmospheric particles[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2011,13(3):621-630
• [21]Gao J J,Tian H J,Cheng K,et al.Seasonal and spatial variation of trace elements in multi-size airborne particulate matters of Beijing,China:Mass concentration,enrichment characteristics,source apportionment,chemical speciation and bioavailability[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,2(10):257-265
• [22]Boisa N,Elom N,Dean J R,et al.Development and application of an inhalation bioaccessibility method(IBM)for lead in the PM10size fraction of soil[J].Environment International,2014,70:132-142
• [23]吴淑春,沈咪,葛爱平,等.杭州滨江区大气PM2.5中重金属及生物有效性评价[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,23(7):1657-1660Wu S C,Shen M,Ge A P,et al.Pollution level and bioavailability of PM2.5heavy metals in Binjiang,Hangzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology,2015,23(7):1657-1660(in Chinese)
• [24]冯茜丹,党志,吕玄文,等.大气PM2.5中重金属的化学形态分布[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6):1048-1052Feng X D,Dang Z,Lv X W,et al.Chemical speciation distribution of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in the air[J].E-cology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(6):1048-1052(in Chinese)
• [25]冯茜丹,党志,黄伟林,等.广州市秋季PM2.5中重金属的污染水平与化学形态分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(3):569-575Feng X D,Dang Z,Huang W L,et al.Pollution level and chemical speciation of heavy metals in PM2.5during Autumnin Guangzhou City[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(3):569-575(in Chinese)
• [26]崔井龙,张志红,夏娜,等.太原市某城区四季大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1566-1572Cui J L,Zhang Z H,Xia N,et al.Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5during four seasons in Taiyuan City[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1566-1572(in Chinese)
• [27]段国霞,张承中,周变红,等.PM2.5中重金属形态分布及其在模拟酸雨中的释放[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(5):53-57Duan G X,Zhang C Z,Zhou B H,et al.Speciation analysis and dissolving in simulated acid rain of heavy metals in PM2.5[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(5):53-57(in Chinese)
• [28]Zhang Y F,Xu H,Liu G R,et al.Evaluation of the changes of the concentration,composition and possible sources of size-resolved particulate matter between 2010 and 2011in a western Chinese megacity[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2014,14(5):1500-1514
• [29]胡子梅,王军,陶征楷,等.上海市PM2.5重金属污染水平与健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(12):3399-3406Hu Z M,Wang J,Tao Z K,et al.Pollution level and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5Shanghai[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(12):3399-3406(in Chinese)
• [30]任春辉,卢新卫,李晓雪,等.宝鸡长青镇工业园区周围灰尘重金属污染特征及健康风险[J].地球与环境,2012,40(3):365-373Ren C H,Lu X W,Li X X,et al.Pollution level and health risk of heavy metals in dust from the surrounding environment of the industrial park in Changqing Town of Baoji[J].Earth and Environment,2012,40(3):365-373(in Chinese)