雷昌文;曹莹;周腾耀;张亚辉;曾鸿鹄;刘征涛;

• 1:桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院
• 2:环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室
• 3:中国环境科学研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

有机磷农药是一类广泛分布于我国水环境中的污染物,即使在水体中的污染水平处于规定"安全标准"之下,其联合暴露产生的风险仍有可能威胁水生生态安全。采用基于浓度加和模型与生物敏感度分布曲线的混合物风险商法,评价了太湖水体中敌敌畏、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和乐果5种有机磷农药混合物产生的生态风险。结果表明:2003～2004年期间3个不同时期太湖水体中5种有机磷农药的混合物生态风险商(RQ m)均大于1,有机磷农药混合物在2003～2004年期间对太湖水生生物构成了一定威胁。

关键词(KeyWords)： 有机磷农药;混合物;生态风险评价;太湖

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-003);; 国家自然科学基金(Nos.51268008.21207024)

作者(Author): 雷昌文;曹莹;周腾耀;张亚辉;曾鸿鹄;刘征涛;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Schwarzenbach R,Escher B,Fenner K,et al.The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems[J].Science,2006,313(5790):1072-1077
• [2]Faust M,Altenburger R,Backhaus T,et al.Predicting the joint algal toxicity of multi-components-triazine mixtures at low-effect concentrations of individual toxicants[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2001,56(1):13-32.
• [3]Baas J,Kooijman B.Chemical contamination and the ecological quality of surface water[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1603-1607
• [4]Cooper N L,Bidwell J R,Kumar A.Toxicity of copper,lead,and zinc mixtures to ceriodaphnia dubia and daphnia carinata[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72:1523-1528
• [5]Junghans M,Backhaus T,Faust M,et al.Application and validation of approaches for the predictive hazard assessment of realistic pesticide mixtures[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,76:93-110
• [6]Finizio A,Villa S.Environmental risk assessment for pesticides:A tool for decision making[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2002,22(3):235-248
• [7]Vaj C,Barmaz S,Srensen P B,et al.Assessing,mapping and validating site-specific ecotoxicological risk for pesticide mixtures:A case study for small scale hot spots in aquatic and terrestrial environments[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2011,74(8):2156-2166
• [8]Chèvre N,Loepfe C,Singer H,et al.Including mixtures in the determination of water quality criteria for herbicides in surface water[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(2):426-435
• [9]Chèvre N,Edder P,Ortelli D,et al.Risk assessment of herbicide mixtures in a large european lake[J].Environmental Toxicology,2008,23(2):269-277
• [10]Chèvre N,Maillard E,Loepfe C,et al.Determination of water quality standards for chemical mixtures:Extension of a methodology developed for herbicides to a group of insecticides and a group of pharmaceuticals[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,71(3):740-748
• [11]周文敏,傅德黔.中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定[J].环境科学研究,1991,4(6):9-12
• [12]周芳,孙成,钟明,等.固相萃取毛细管气相色谱法分析水中有机磷农药残留[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(2):151-153
• [13]Na T,Fang Z,Zhanqi G,et al.The status of pesticide residues in the drinking water sources in meiliangwan bay,Taihu Lake of China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,123(1):351-370
• [14]OECD.Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test(202)[S].Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD):Paris,France:1984
• [15]国家环境保护总局.化学品测试方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004,167-300
• [16]Van Beelen P,Doelman P.Significance and application of microbial toxicity tests in assessing ecotoxicological risks of contaminants in soil and sediment[J].Chemosphere,1997,34(3):455-499
• [17]Hela D G,Lambropoulou D A,Konstantinou I K,et al.Environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment for pesticide contamination and effects in lake Pamvotis,northwestern Greece[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,24(6):1548-1556
• [18]Newman M C,Ownby D R,Mezin L C A,et al.Applying species sensitivity distributions in ecological risk assessment:Assumptions of distribution type and sufficient numbers of species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(2):508-515
• [19]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA),Guidelines for ecological risk assessment[S].Federal Register,1998,63(93):26846-26924
• [20]Forbes V E,Calow P.Species sensitivity distributions revisited:A critical appraisal[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2002,8(3):473-492
• [21]Mileson B E,Chambers J E,Chen W,et al.Common mechanism of toxicity:A case study of organophosphorus pesticides[J].Toxicological Sciences,1998,41(1):8-20
• [22]Scholz N L,Truelove N K,Labenia J S,et al.Dose-additive inhibition of chinook salmon acetylcholinesterase activity by mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,25(5):1200-1207
• [23]Bailey H C,Miller J L,Miller M J,et al.Joint acute toxicity of diazinon and chlorpyrifos to Ceriodaphnia dubia[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1997,16(11):2304-2308
• [24]Qu C,Chen W,Bi J,et al.Ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in Taihu Lake wetland,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(2):287-292
• [25]United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).National Recommended Water Quality Criteria[R].Washington DC:Office of Water,Office of Science and Technology,2009
• [26]Gilliom R J.Pesticides in US streams and groundwater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(10):3408-3414
• [27]Gilliom R J,Barbash J E,Crawford C G,et al.Pesticides in the Nation's Streams and Ground Water,1992-2001[R].US Geological Survey Circular,2006,1291:172
• [28]Vermeire T,MacPhail R,Waters M.Integrated human and ecological risk assessment:A case study of organophosphorous pesticides in the environment[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2003,9(1):343-357.
• [29]Villa S,Vighi M,Casini S,et al.Pesticide risk assessment in a lagoon ecosystem.PartⅡ:Effect assessment and risk characterization[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2003,22(4):936-942
• [30]Gilbert A,Cross J,Glass C,et al.Local Environmental risk Assessment for Pesticides(LERAP)in the UK[C].University of Surrey,Guildford,UK,17-18 January 2000
• [31]Backhaus T,Faust M.Predictive environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures:A conceptual framework[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(5):2564-2573
• [32]Sánchez-Bayo F,Baskaran S,Kennedy I R.Ecological relative risk(EcoRR):Another approach for risk assessment of pesticides in agriculture[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2002,91(1-3):37-57
• [33]张亚辉,曹莹,李霁,等.我国主要河流中3种氯酚混合物的生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(4):385-390Zhang Y,Cao Y,Li J,et al.Ecological risk assessment of three chlorophenols in the main rivers in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2012,25(4):385-390(in Chinese)
• [34]Junghans M,Backhaus T,Faust M,et al.Predictability of combined effects of eight chloroacetanilide herbicides on algal reproduction[J].Pest Management Science,2003,59(10):1101-1110
• [35]刘良,颜小品,王印,等.应用物种敏感性分布评估多环芳烃对淡水生物的生态风险[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(5):647-654Liu L,Yan X,Wang Y,et al.Assessing ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocaibons(PAHs)to freshwater organisms by species sensitivity distributions[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(5):647-654(in Chinese)
• [36]Deneer J W.Toxicity of mixtures of pesticides in aquatic systems[J].Pest Management Science,2000,56(6):516-520
• [37]Wheeler J,Grist E,Leung K,et al.Species sensitivity distributions:Data and model choice[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin.2002,45(1):192-202
• [38]Wang B,Yu G,Huang J,Hu H.Development of species sensitivity distributions and estimation of HC5 of organochlorine pesticides with five statistical approaches[J].Ecotoxicology,2008,17(8):716-724
• [39]Roex E,Van Gestel C,Van Wezel A,et al.Ratios between acute aquatic toxicity and effects on population growth rates in relation to toxicant mode of action[J].Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry.2000,19(3):685-693