韩伟;于艳军;张勇;李宁涛;王利兵;

• 1:天津出入境检验检疫局工业产品安全技术中心国家危险化学品检测重点实验室
• 2:湖南出入境检验检疫局技术中心

摘要(Abstract)：

我国是世界化学品生产和贸易的大国。大量化学品的生产和进出口贸易给我国化学品风险管理和风险评估带来了巨大挑战。在借鉴发达国家和经济组织对化学品风险管理经验和评估技术的基础上,我国在近年来也逐步开展了化学品的管理和控制,以应对当前日益突出的化学品环境安全和健康安全事故。本文从我国化学品管理与国外化学品风险管理之间的对比出发,在梳理化学品管理政策发展的过程中,重点就我国环境保护部门对有毒和进口化学品、新化学物质和废弃危险化学品以及质检部门对进出口工业化学品的管理和控制措施,以及化学品的评估技术进行了综述。通过与发达国家就化学品风险管理与评估技术的对比,指出我国目前化学品管理和评估的不足与欠缺,并提出一些可行的应对措施与办法,为完善我国化学品风险管理和评估提供一定的参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 进出口;化学品;风险管理;风险评估;进展

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家863计划(No.2012AA06A303);; 国家质检总局科技计划(Nos.2013IK214,2014IK072)

作者(Author): 韩伟;于艳军;张勇;李宁涛;王利兵;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]United Nations Environmental Programme.Global Chemicals Outlook:Towards Sound Management of Chemicals[M].Nairobi,Kenya:GPS Publishing,2013:11-19
• [2]United Nations Environmental Programme.Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management[M].Geneva,Switzerland:United Nations Environmental Programme,Chemicals Branch,2006:3-125
• [3]Lawrence R A,Schaefer C.Industrial Chemicals and Environmental Contaminants,in Drugs during Pregnancy and Lactation[M].Schaefer C,Peters P,Miler R K.ed.Third Edition.San Diego:Academic Press,2015:847-861
• [4]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全生产监督管理总局政府网站事故查询系统[OL].(2014-10-23)[2014-10-23].http://media.chinasafety.gov.cn:8090/i System/shigumain.jsp
• [5]王恒志,刘巍巍.昆山一金属制品厂爆炸多人伤亡[OL].(2014-08-02)[2014-10-31].http://news.xinhuanet.com/energy/2014-08/02/c_126825500.htm
• [6]腾格里沙漠遭工业污染:管道插沙中散发着恶臭(图)[OL].(2014-09-06)[2014-10-31].http://news.xinhuanet.com/energy/2014-09/06/c_126960950.htm
• [7]台湾查获“百t级”馊水油混制食品油案件[OL].(2014-09-05)[2014-10-31].http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2014/0905/c70731-25607476.html
• [8]Tao M H,Chen L F,Xiong X Z,et al.Formation process of the widespread extreme haze polution over Northern China in January 2013:Implications for regional air quality and climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,98:417-425
• [9]国家环境保护总局.国家环境保护总局文件环管[1994]140号化学品首次进口及有毒化学品进出口环境管理规定[S/OL].(1994-03-16)[2014-10-31].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/zj/wj/200910/t20091022_172481.htm
• [10]中华人民共和国国务院.中华人民共和国国务院令第344号危险化学品安全管理条例[S/OL].[2014-10-31].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2002/content_61929.htm
• [11]European Communities.Council Directive of 27 June 1967on the approximation of laws,regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification,packaging and labeling of dangerous substances[S].Official Journal of the European Communities,1967,No 196/1:234-256
• [12]European Union.Regulation(EC)No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December2008 on classification,labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures,amending and repealing Directives67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC,and amending Regulation(EC)No 1907/2006[S].Official Journal of the European Union,2008,L353/1-L353/1355
• [13]European Communities.European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation(EC)No 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances and Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market[S].Italy:European Commission Joint Research Centre,2003
• [14]European Union.Regulation(EC)No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December2006 concerning the Registration,Evaluation,Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH),establishing a European Chemicals Agency,amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation(EEC)No 793/93 and Commission Regulation(EC)No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC,93/67/EEC,93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC[S].Official Journal of the European Union,2006,L396/1-L396/849
• [15]Chemical Safety Office,Chemical Management Policy Division,Manufacturing Industries Bureau Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry.Chemical Substances Control Law[S].Japan:Chemical Safety Office,Chemical Management Policy Division,Manufacturing Industries Bureau Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,2010
• [16]US EPA.Toxic Substances Control Act[S/OL].(2014-07-14)[2014-10-31].http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act
• [17]国家环境保护总局.国家环境保护总局文件环管[1994]140号化学品首次进口及有毒化学品进出口环境管理规定[S/OL].(1994-03-16)[2015-01-14].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/zj/wj/200910/t20091022_172481.htm
• [18]中华人民共和国国务院.中华人民共和国国务院令第591号危险化学品安全管理条例[S/OL].[2014-10-31].http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2011-03/11/content_1822902.htm
• [19]环境保护部.环境保护部海关总署公告2013年第85号关于发布《中国严格限制进出口的有毒化学品目录》(2014年)的公告[S/OL].(2013-12-30)[2014-10-31].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201312/t20131231_265886.htm
• [20]国家环境保护总局.国家环境保护总局令第27号废弃危险化学品污染环境防治办法[S/OL].(2005-08-30)[2014-10-31].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/info/gw/juling/200508/t20050830_70766.htm
• [21]国家环境保护总局.国家环境保护总局令第17号新化学物质环境管理办法[S/OL].(2003-09-12)[2014-10-31].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2004/content_62688.htm
• [22]环境保护部.环境保护部令部令第7号新化学物质环境管理办法[S/OL].(2010-01-19)[2014-10-31].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bl/201002/t20100201_185231.htm
• [23]国家经济委员会、对外经济贸易部、交通部、国家进出口商品检验局.国家经济委员会、对外经济贸易部、交通部、国家进出口商品检验局颁发海运出口危险货物包装检验管理办法(试行)[S/OL].(2012-01-14)[2014-10-31].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/xxgkztfl/zcfg/200610/t20061026_4825.htm
• [24]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.国家质量监督检验检疫总局公告2012年第30号关于进出口危险化学品及其包装检验监管有关问题的公告[S/OL].(2012-03-13)[2014-10-31].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jlgg_12538/zjgg/2012/201203/t20120313_239029.htm
• [25]中国国家标准化管理委员会.中国国家标准化管理委员会国家标准查询[OL].[2014-10-31].http://www.sac.gov.cn/SACSearch/outlinetemplet/gjbzcx.jsp
• [26]Wang H,Yan Z G,Li H,et al.Progress of environmental management and risk assessment of industrial chemicals in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,165:174-181
• [27]Si H,Ji H,Zeng X H.Quantitative risk assessment model of hazardous chemicals leakage and application[J].Safety Science,2012,50(7):1452-1461
• [28]Liu G S,Yu J G.QSAR analysis of soil sorption coefficients for polar organic chemicals:Substituted anilines and phenols[J].Water Research,2005,39(10):2048-2055
• [29]Chen J N,Yu H X,Liu Y,et al.Ecotoxicological evaluation of 4-aminobiphenyl using a test battery[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2004,58(1):104-109
• [30]Yang T.Dynamic assessment of environmental damage based on the optimal clustering criterion-Taking oil spill damage to marine ecological environment as an example[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,51:53-58
• [31]Wu S,Xia X,Yang L,et al.Distribution,source and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in urban soils of Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(5):732-738
• [32]Zhang L,Liu J,Hu J,et al.The inventory of sources,environmental releases and risk assessment for perfluorooctane sulfonate in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,165:193-198
• [33]Zhao Y G,Wan H T,Law A Y S,et al.Risk assessment for human consumption of perfluorinated compound-contaminated freshwater and marine fish from Hong Kong and Xiamen[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(2):277-283
• [34]Zeng L X,Wang T,Ruan T,et al.Levels and distribution patterns of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,160:88-94
• [35]Liu G N,Yu Y J,Hou J,et al.An ecological risk assessment of heavy metal polution of the agricultural ecosystem near a lead-acid battery factory[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,47:210-218
• [36]Liu L P,Li S X,Fan T J,et al.Transportation risk assessment of chemical industry supply chain based on a dual model[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,11:393-397
• [37]Peng J F,Song Y H,Yuan P,et al.An novel identification method of the environmental risk sources for surface water polution accidents in chemical industrial parks[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(7):1441-1449
• [38]Wei R G,Zhao Y X,Liu P Y,et al.Determination of environmentally relevant exposure concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers for in vitro toxicological studies[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2010,24(4):1078-1085
• [39]Liu A H,Wu C,Peng X Q.Research on area risk assessment for chemical park based on Domino Effect Model[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,45:47-52
• [40]Jiang J P,Wang P,Lung W S,et al.A GIS-based generic real-time risk assessment framework and decision tools for chemical spills in the river basin[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,227-228(15):280-291