邢维芹;李立平;王琳;赵永祥;黄海涛;

• 1:河南工业大学化学化工学院

摘要(Abstract)：

在Pb污染土壤中施用磷肥是降低Pb有效性的有效方法.在低磷或高Pb胁迫下,植物根际的一系列变化将促进植物对磷的吸收或对Pb毒性的降低,但低磷胁迫下植物对土壤Pb有效性的影响研究不多.为探讨Pb污染低磷土壤上施用磷肥对Pb有效性、植物吸收Pb的影响及黑麦草(LoliumperenneL.)对土壤Pb有效性的影响,设置0、500和1000mg·kg-13个Pb用量和0、2729mg·kg-1两个普通过磷酸钙磷肥用量,种植黑麦草,0和1000mg·kg-1Pb下设置不种植植物的对照的盆栽试验,植物生长48d后收获,测定植物地上部和根系产量、长度、Pb浓度及土壤DTPA-Pb含量.结果表明,施用磷肥后植物产量和地上部长度增加、根冠比、根系长度和Pb浓度减小,500mg·kg-1Pb用量时,未施用磷肥和施用磷肥时植物产量分别为0.37和1.70g·pot-1,1000mg·kg-1Pb用量时这两个数值分别为0.24和1.50g·pot-1,500mg·kg-1Pb用量时,植物产量与未施Pb处理(产量为0.75g·pot-1)差异显著(p<0.05);施用磷肥后,地上部吸收的Pb的比例和植物体吸收的Pb数量均增加.1000mg·kg-1Pb用量下,植物产量、地上部长度均小于500mg·kg-1Pb用量处理时的水平,而土壤DTPA-Pb浓度、植物Pb浓度、Pb吸收量均大于500mg·kg-1Pb处理,表明2729mg·kg-1普通过磷酸钙用量并不能完全抵消1000mg·kg-1Pb对植物生长的抑制作用.施用磷肥降低了土壤DTPA-Pb含量,但500mg·kg-1Pb用量时降低效果不显著(p>0.05).0mg·kg-1Pb用量下,种植植物的处理土壤DTPA-Pb含量比未种植植物处理高54.3%;1000mg·kg-1Pb处理时,种植植物处理土壤DTPA-Pb含量比未种植植物平均低18.5%.以上结果表明,在0mg·kg-1Pb用量下,植物生长受到了一定程度的磷胁迫.在磷胁迫下,种植植物提高了土壤Pb有效性,而在1000mg·kg-1Pb用量下,不管是否施用磷肥,种植植物均降低了土壤Pb有效性.本研究结果表明,在低磷和高Pb胁迫下,施用水溶性磷肥可降低土壤Pb有效性,促进黑麦草生长,促进Pb向植物地上部转移;在低磷胁迫且无Pb污染条件下,黑麦草对土壤Pb的有效性表现为促进;在高Pb胁迫下,不管是否施用磷肥,黑麦草均可降低土壤Pb有效性.

关键词(KeyWords)： 贫磷土壤;铅;黑麦草;磷肥;有效性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 邢维芹;李立平;王琳;赵永祥;黄海涛;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• Bao S D.1998.Determination of soil phosphorus[A].//Shi RH.Soil and Agro-Chemical Analysis(2nd Edition)[M].BeijingAgricultural Press,65-83(in Chinese)
• Chen S,Sun T H,Sun L N,Zhou Q X,Chao L.2006.Influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailabilityand speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,18:1247-1253
• Chen S,Zhu Y,Ma Y.2006.Studies on the mechanisms oflead immobilization by phosphorus in soil by XRD,SEM andTEM[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,26:924-929(in Chinese)
• Chen S,Zhu Y.2004.Effects of different phosphorus-compounds onPb uptake by Brassica Oleracea[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,24:707-712(in Chinese)
• Cotter-Howells J D,Champness P E,Charnock J M,Pattrick RA D.1994.Identification of pyromorphite in mine-waste contaminatedsoils by ATEM and EXAFS[J].Journal of Soil Science,45:393-402
• Cotter-Howells J D,Thornton I.1991.Sources and pathways ofenvironmental lead to children in a Derbyshire mining village[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,13(2):127-135
• Cotter-Howells J,Caporn S.1996.Remediation of contaminatedland by formation of heavy metal phosphates[J].AppliedGeochemistry,11:335-342
• Cotter-Howells J.1996.Lead phosphate formation in soils[J].Environmental Pollution,93:9-16
• George T S,Gregory P J,Hocking P,Richardson A E.2008.Variation in root-associated phosphatase activities in wheatcontributes to the utilization of organic P substrates in vitro,butdoes not explain differences in the P-nutrition of plants whengrown in soils[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,64:239-249
• Jiang S.1999.Analysis of microelements of plant[A].//Lu R.Analysis of Soil and Agro-Chemicals[M].Beijing:China AgriculturalPress,325-338(in Chinese)
• Johansson E M,Fransson P M A,Finlay R D,Van Hees P AW.2008.Quantitative analysis of exudates from soil-livingbasidiomycetes in pure culture as a response to lead,cadmiumand arsenic stress[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40:2225-2236
• Jorquera M A,Hernández M T,Rengel Z,Marschner P,De laLuz Mora M.2008.Isolation of culturable phosphobacteria withboth phytate-mineralization and phosphatee-solubilization activityfrom the rhizosphere of plants grown in a volcanic soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,44:1025-1034
• Kramer U.2005.Phytoremediation:Novel approaches to cleaningup polluted soils[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,16:133-141
• Oburger E,Kirk G J D,Wenzel W W,Puschenreiter M,JonesD L.2008.Interactive effects of organic acids in the rhizosphere[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(3):449-457
• Shi G.2004.Ecological effects of plant root exudates[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,23:97-101(in Chinese)
• Strawn D G,Hickey P,Knudsen A,Baker L.2007.Geochemistryof lead contaminated wetland soils amended with phosphorus[J].Environmental Geology,52(1):109-122
• Sun H,Zhang F.2002.Morphology of wheat roots under lowphosphorus stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,13:295-299(in Chinese)
• Sun R L,Zhou Q X.2005.Heavy metal tolerance andhyperaccumulation of higher plants and their molecular mechanisms:a review[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,29:497-504(inChinese)
• Wang B,Xie Z,Sun Y,Li J,Tian Z,Chen Y.2005.Effectsof phosphorus fertilizers on remediation of lead toxicity in a soilcontaminated by lead and zinc mining[J].Acta ScientiaeCircumstantiae,25:1189-1194(in Chinese)
• Xu W H,Wang H X,Liu H,Xiong Z T,Singh B.2007.Effects of individual and combined pollution of Cd and Zn onroot exudates and rhizosphere Zn and Cd fractions in ryegrass(Loliurn perenne L.)[J].Environmental Science,28:2089-2095(in Chinese)
• Zhu Y G,Chen S B,Yang J C.2004.Effects of soilamendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui,China[J].Environment International,30:351-356
• Zwonitzer J C,Pierzynski G M,Hettiarachchi G M.2003.Effects of phosphorus additions on lead,cadmium,and Zincbioavailabilities in a metal-contaminated soil[J].Water,Air,andSoil Pollution,143:193-209
• 鲍仕旦.1998.土壤中磷的测定[A].//史瑞和.土壤农化分析(第二版)[M].北京:农业出版社,65-83
• 陈世宝,朱永官,马义兵.2006.磷对降低土壤中铅的生物有效性的X-衍射及电镜分析[J].环境科学学报,26:924-929
• 陈世宝,朱永官.2004.不同含磷化合物对中国芥菜(BrassicaOleracea)铅吸收特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,24:707-712
• 蒋式洪.1999.植物微量元素分析[A].//鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,325-338
• 史刚荣.2004.植物根系分泌物的生态效应[J].生态学杂志,23:97-101
• 孙海国,张福锁.2002.缺磷胁迫下的小麦根系形态特征研究[J].应用生态学报,13:295-299
• 孙瑞莲,周启星.2005.高等植物重金属耐性与超积累特性及其分子机理研究[J].植物生态学报,29:497-504
• 王碧玲,谢正苗,孙叶芳,李静,田兆君,陈英旭.2005.磷肥对铅锌矿污染土壤中铅毒的修复作用[J].环境科学学报,25:1189-1194
• 徐卫红,王宏信,刘怀,熊治庭,Singh B.2007.Zn、Cd单一及复合污染对黑麦草根分泌物及根际Zn、Cd形态的影响[J].环境科学,28:2089-2095