莫俊超;舒耀皋;董晶;郭丹丹;范宾;刘刚;

• 1:上海化工研究院检测中心
• 2:陶氏化学(中国)有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

沉积物-水微宇宙系统是经济合作发展组织(Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,OECD)颁布的化学品测试准则中推荐的试验系统之一,可用来测试化学品对底栖生物的慢性毒性。为了在试验前对化学品的浓度变化进行预测,进而确定试验方法,以摇蚊慢性毒性试验系统为例,采用环境多介质模型的建模方法,构建了一种可通过化学品理化性质和试验系统参数,对化学品在沉积物-水试验系统中浓度变化进行预测的模型。结合试验数据和文献资料,给出了模型中试验系统参数的推荐取值,并使用Matlab软件中的Simulink工具对模型进行编程和求解。以此模型为基础,给出了模型在3个方面的应用,即预测蓄积时间、预测平衡时间以及拟合试验数据。对80种已有或假想化学品的蓄积时间和平衡时间进行了计算,得出的范围分别为<1~204 d和<1~73 d。此外,适当修改模型结构和模型参数,也可将其应用于其他暴露场景中。但使用模型对化学品浓度进行预测时发现,模型仅对沉积物中化学品浓度的预测结果较为准确,而对水中化学品浓度的预测结果与实测值相差1~2个数量级。模型对浓度的预测精度未来仍需进一步提高。上述研究结果完善了沉积物-水微宇宙系统试验方法。

关键词(KeyWords)： 多介质模型;微宇宙;沉积物;预测;浓度变化

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 上海市国际科技合作基金项目(13230700600)

作者(Author): 莫俊超;舒耀皋;董晶;郭丹丹;范宾;刘刚;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).OECD 218.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment[S].Paris:OECD,2004
• [2]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).OECD 219.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water[S].Paris:OECD,2004
• [3]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).OECD 225.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Sediment-Water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment[S].Paris:OECD,2007
• [4]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).OECD 233.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Sediment-Water Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water or Spiked Sediment[S].Paris:OECD,2010
• [5]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).OECD 239.OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Water-Sediment Myriophyllum spicatum Toxicity Test[S].Paris:OECD,2014
• [6]Naylor C,Howcroft J.Sediment bioassays with Chironomus riparius:Understanding the influence of experimental design on test sensitivity[J].Chemosphere,1997,35(8):1831-1845
• [7]Philipp E,Daniel G,Guido F,et al.Chronic toxicity of ivermectin to the benthic invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010(10):368-376
• [8]Miriam L P,Eefje B,Michiel H K,et al.Life cycle responses of the midge Chironomus riparius to polycyclic aromatic compound exposure[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(1):225-232
• [9]Jungmann D,Bandow C,Gildemeister T,et al.Chronic toxicity of fenoxycarb to the midge Chironomus riparius after exposure in sediments of different composition[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2009,9(2):94-102
• [10]Marinkovic'M,Verweij R A,Nummerdor G A,et al.Life cycle responses of the Midge Chironomus riparius to compounds with different modes of action[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(4):1645-1651
• [11]Di Veroli A,Goretti E,Paumen M L,et al.Induction of mouthpart deformities in chironomid larvae exposed to contaminated sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,166(7):212-217
• [12]刘丽,钟文钰,祝凌燕.沉积物中六氯苯对摇蚊幼虫的慢性毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(2):261-267Liu L,Zhong W Y,Zhu L Y.Chronic effects of hexachlorobenzen(HCB)in sediments to Chironomus ki ensis larvae[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(2):261-267(in Chinese)
• [13]Mackay D.Finding fugacity feasible[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1979,13(10):1218-1223
• [14]Xu F L,Qin N,Zhu Y,et al.Multimedia fate modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Lake Small Baiyangdian,Northern China[J].Ecological Model ing,2013,252(3):246-257
• [15]田慧,郭强,毛潇萱,等.广州地区典型多溴联苯醚迁移和归趋行为模拟[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):758-765Tian H,Guo Q,Mao X X,et al.Simulating the transfer and fate of typical PBDEs in Guangzhou[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):758-765(in Chinese)
• [16]Kong X Z,He W,Qin N,et al.Modeling the multimedia fate dynamics ofγ-hexachlorocyclohexane in a large Chinese lake[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,41(6):65-74
• [17]丁中原,方利江,吴有方,等.兰州地区16种多环芳烃的长距离迁移潜力和总持久性模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(4):916-924Ding Z Y,Fang L J,Wu Y F,et al.Simulation study on the long-range transport potential and overall persistence of 16 PAHs in Lanzhou[J].ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(4):916-924(in Chinese)
• [18]弓晓峰,向洪锐,陈春丽,等.鄱阳湖持久性有机污染物(POPs)长距离传输潜力模拟[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2256-2263Gong X F,Xiang H R,Chen C L,et al.Simulation of longrange transport potential of POPs in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2256-2263(in Chinese)
• [19]Canadian Environmental Modeling Centre.Level III fugacity-based multimedia environmental model:Canada[CP/OL].2nd ed.2004.http://www.trentu.ca/academic/aminss/envmodel/models/L3280.html
• [20]National Institute for Public Health,the Environment.Simplebox 4.0:Netherlands[CP/OL].4th ed.2014.http://www.rivm.nl/en/Topics/S/Soil_and_water/Simple Box_4_0_tool
• [21]Mackay D.Multimedia Environmental Models:The Fugacity Approach[M].2nd ed.BOCA Raton:Lewis Publisher,2001
• [22]杨霓云,王宏.新化学物质环境风险评估技术方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012:82-88Yang N Y,Wang H.Environmental Risk Assessment of New Chemicals[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012:82-88(in Chinese)
• [23]刘瑞娟,于培松,扈传昱,等.南极普里兹湾沉积物中有机碳和总氮的含量与分布[J].海洋学报(中文版),2014,36(4):118-125Liu R J,Yu P S,Hu C Y,et al.Contents and distributions of organic carbon and total nitrogen in sediments of Prydz Bay,Antarctic[J].ACTA Oceanologica Sinica,2014,36(4):118-125(in Chinese)
• [24]莫俊超,王少野,汤保华.三种环境动力学模型建模方式的比较[J].化工环保,2014,35(5):461-466Mo J C,Wang S Y,Tang B H.Comparison of three modeling methods for environmental dynamic model[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2014,35(5):461-466(in Chinese)
• [25]汪祖丞,刘敏,杨毅,等.上海城区多环芳烃的多介质归趋模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):984-990Wang Z C,Liu M,Yang Y,et al.Simulation of multimedia fate of PAHs in Shanghai city[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(6):984-990(in Chinese)
• [26]Tassou K T,Schulz R.Effects of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen in a two-generation test with Chironomus riparius[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(4):1058-1062
• [27]Citra M J.Incorporating Monte Carlo analysis into multimedia environmental fate models[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(7):1629-1633