人工纳米材料的生物效应及其对生态环境的影响The Biological Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials and Their Effects on Eco-Environment
王娜;程炯佳;金焰;姚开安;毕树平;
摘要(Abstract):
人工纳米材料由于具有独特的物理化学性质而得到广泛的应用,其对人体健康及环境的潜在影响也已引起科学界及政府部门的关注.通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,分类归纳了目前国内外对一些常见的人工纳米材料如富勒烯、碳纳米管、量子点、二氧化钛、纳米铁材料及纳米铝材料的生物和生态效应研究,详细总结了纳米材料毒理学的研究对象、研究方法以及最新研究成果,同时分析了各种纳米材料生物毒性的可能机制,最后对纳米材料安全性今后的研究方向进行了展望.
关键词(KeyWords): 纳米材料;生态毒性;富勒烯;碳纳米管;量子点;纳米TiO_2;纳米铁;纳米铝
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(No.20575025);; 江苏省自然科学重点基金项目(No.BK2005209);; 教育部博士点基金项目(No.20050284030)
作者(Author): 王娜;程炯佳;金焰;姚开安;毕树平;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- Adams L K,Lyon D Y,Alvarez P J J.2006.Comparative ecotoxicityof nanoscale TiO2,SiO2,and ZnO water suspensions[J].WaterResearch,40(19):3527-3532
- Andrievsky G,Klochkov V,Derevyanchenko L.2005.Is the C60fullerene molecule toxic-[-J].Fullerenes,Nanotubes,and CarbonNanostructures,13(4):363-376
- Bermudez E,Mangum J B,Wong B A,Asgharian B,Hext P M,Warheit D B,Everitt J I.2004.Pulmonary responses of mice,rats,and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titaniumdioxide particles[J].Toxicological Sciences,77(2):347-357
- Bertsch P M.1996.The Environmental Chemistry of Aluminum[M].Boca Raton,FL:CRC Press
- Bhattacharya R,Muk herjee P,Xiong Z,Atala A,Soker S,Mukhopadhyay D.2004.Gold nanoparticles inhibit VEGF165-induced proliferation of HUVEC cells[J].Nano Letters,4(12):2479-2481
- Bi S P,Wang C Y,Cao Q,Zhang C H.2004.Studies on themechanism of hydrolysis and polymerization of aluminum salts inaqueous solution:correlations between the“Core-links”model and“Cage-like”Keggin-Al-13model[J].Coordination ChemistryReviews,248(5-6):441-455
- Bi S P,Liu B,Fan F R F,Bard A J.2005.Electrochemicalstudies of guanosine in DMF and detection of its radical cationin a scanning electrochemical microscopy nanogap experiment[J].J Am Chem Soc,127(11):3690-3691
- Borm P J A,Schins R P F,Albrecht C.2004.Inhaled particlesand lung cancer,part B:paradigms and risk assessment[J].IntJ Cancer,110(1):3-14
- Bosi S,Feruglio L,Da Ros T,Spalluto G,Gregoretti B,Terdoslavich M,Decorti G,Passamonti S,Moro S,Prato M.2004.Hemolytic effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives[J].J Med Chem,47(27):6711-6715
- Brant J,Lecoanet H,Hotze M,Wiesner M.2005.Comparison ofelectrokinetic properties of colloidal fullerenes(n-C60)formed usingtwo procedures[J].Environ Sci Technol,39(17):6343-6351
- Bruchez M,Moronne M,Gin P,Weiss S,Alivisatos A P.1998.Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels[J].Science,281(5385):2013-2016
- Brumfiel G.2003.Nanotechnology:A little knowledge[J].Nature,424(6946):246-248
- Che W J,Zhang Z Z,Wu M,Ran Y,Zhang H,Zeng X G.2005.Studies on acute toxicity and mutagenicity of nanometerTATB[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine,18(3):143-146(in Chinese)
- Chen C Y,Xing G M,Wang J X,Zhao Y L,Li B,Tang J,Jia G,Wang T C,Sun J,Xing L,Yuan H,Gao Y X,MengH,Chen Z,Zhao F,Chai Z F,Fang X H.2005.Multihydroxylated[Gd@C82(OH)22]n nanoparticles:antineoplasticactivity of high efficiency and low toxicity[J].Nano Letters,5(10):2050-2057
- Chen G F,Zhao J,Liu X J,Gao G,Huang J Y,Li G X.2007.Electrochemical sensing DNA damage with nano-titaniumdioxide and repair with a medicinal herb species resveratrol[J].Journal of Nanotechnology,127(4):653-656
- Chen L,Yang X L,Peng K P,Cheng F Y,Zhu H S.2001.Dynamic research of photo-induced toxicity against cell membraneby a water-soluble C60derivative[J].High Technology Letters,2:17-20(in Chinese)
- Chen X,Tam U C,Czlapinski J L,Lee G S,Rabuka D,ZettlA,Bertozzi C R.2006.Interfacing carbon nanotubes with livingcells[J].J Am Chem Soc,128(19):6292-6293
- Cheng X,Kan A T,Tomson M B.2004.Naphthalene adsorptionand desorption from aqueous C60fullerene[J].J Chem Eng Data,49(3):675-683
- Colvin V L.2003.The potential environmental impact of engineerednanomaterials[J].Nature Biotechnology,21(10):1166-1170
- Comin J J,Barloy J,Bourrie G,Trolard F.1999.Differential effectsof monomeric and polymeric aluminium on the root growth and onthe biomass production of root and shoot of corn in solutionculture[J].European Journal of Agronomy,11(2):115-122
- Connor E E,Mwamuka J,Gole A,Murphy C J,Wyatt M D.2005.Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but notcause acute cytotoxicity[J].Small,1(3):325-327
- Cui D X,Tian F R,Ozkan C S,Wang M,Gao H J.2005.Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293cells[J].Toxicology Letters,155(1):73-85
- Derfus A M,Chan W C W,Bhatia S N.2004.Probing thecytotoxicity of semiconductor quantum dots[J].Nano Letters,4(1):11-18
- Ding L H,Stilwell J,Zhang T T,Eloboudwarej O,Jiang H J,Selegue J P,Cooke P A,Gray J W,Chen F Q F.2005.Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of mutiwallcarbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast[J].Nano Letters,5(12):2448-2464
- Donaldson K,Stone V,Tran C L,Kreyling W,Borm P J A.2004.Nanotoxicology[J].Occupational and Environmental Medicine,61(9):727-728
- Douglas H,Ross D S.1991.Evidence for a phytotoxic hydroxyl-aluminum polymer in organic soil horizons[J].Science,251:1056-1058
- Duan J M,Gregory J.2003.Coagulation by hydrolysing metalsalts[J].Advances in Colloid Interface Science,100:475-502
- Exley C,Wicks A J,Hubert R B,Derek B J.1994.Polynuclear aluminum and acute aluminum toxicity in the fish[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,164(7):415-416
- Fan Y O,Zhang Y H,Liu B,Tan C S,Ma Y X,Jin Y H.2005.Comparative study on the cytotoxicity of nano-sized andmicro-sized powders of titanium dioxide,silicon dioxide and ironon erythrocytes[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine,18(2):67-69(in Chinese)
- Fenoglio I,Tomatis M,Lison D,Muller J,Fonseca A,Nagy J B,Fubini B.2006.Reactivity of carbon nanotubes:Free radicalgeneration or scavenging activity-[J].Free Radical Biology&Medicine,40(7):1227-1233
- Fiorito S,Serafino A,Andreola F,Bernier P.2006.Effects offullerenes and single-wall carbon nanotubes on murine and humanmacrophages[J].Carbon,44(6):1100-1105
- Fortner J D,Lyon D Y,Sayes C M,Boyd A M,Falkner J C,Hotze E M,Alemany L B,Yao Y J,Guo W,Ausman K D,Colvin V L,Hughes J B.2005.C60in water:nanocrystal formationand microbial response[J].Environ Sci Technol,39(11):4307-4316
- Gao B Y,Yue Q Y,Wang B J.2002.The chemical speciesdistribution and transformation of polyaluminum silicate chloridecoagulant[J].Chemosphere,46(6):809-813
- Gao J H,Liang G L,Zhang B,Kuang Y,Zhang X X,Xu B.2007.FePt@CoS2yolk-shell nanocrystals as a potent agent to killHeLa cells[J].J Am Chem Soc,125(5):1428-1433
- Gharbi N,Pressac M,Hadchouel M,Szwarc H,Wilson S R,Moussa F.2005.[60]Fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivowith no acute or subacute toxicity[J].Nano Letters,5(12):2578-2585
- Giles J.2004.Nanoparticles in the brain[OL].2004-11-25.http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040105/full/040105-9.html
- Gorman J.2002.Taming high-tech particles[J].Science News,161:200-201
- Grubek-Jaworska H,Nejman P,Czuminska K,Przybylowski T,Huczko A,Lange H,Bystrzejewski M,Baranowski P,Chazan R.2006.Preliminary results on the pathogenic effects of intratrachealexposure to one-dimensional nanocarbons[J].Carbon,44(6):1057-1063
- Gurr J R,Wang A S S,Chen C H,Jan K Y.2005.Ultrafinetitanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation caninduce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells[J].Toxicology,213(1-2):66-73
- Guzman K A D,Taylor M R,Banfield J F.2006.Environmentalrisks of nanotechnology:national nanotechnology initiative funding,2000-2004[J].Environ Sci Technol,40(5):1401-1407
- Hosh ino A,Fujioka K,Oku T,Suga M,Sasaki Y F,Ohta T,Yasuhara M,Suzuk K,Yamamoto K.2004.Physicochemical propertiesand cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on theirsurface modification[J].Nano Letters,4(11):2163-2169
- Jia G,Wang H F,Yan L,Wang X,Pei R J,Yan T,Zhao YL,Guo X B.2005.Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials:single-wall nanotube,multi-wall nanotube,and fullerene[J].EnvironSci Technol,39(5):1378-1383
- Kirchner C,Javier A M,Susha A S,Rogach A L,Kreft O,Sukhorukov G B,Parat W J.2005a.Cytotoxicity of nanoparticle-loaded polymer capsules[J].Talanta,67(3):486-491
- Kirchner C,Liedl T,Kudera S,Pellegrino T,Javier A M,GaubH E,Stolzle S,Ferting N,Parak W J.2005b.Cytotoxicity ofColloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles[J].Nano Letters,5(2):331-338
- Lam C W,James J T,McCluskey R,Hunter R L.2004.Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice7and90days after intratracheal instillation[J].Toxicological Sciences,77(1):126-134
- Li D,H e X X,Wang K M,He C M.2002.Detecting ontoxicity of series silica shell inorganic nanoparticles to cells[J].Journal of Hunan University(Naturnal Science),29(6):1-6(inChinese)
- Li Q,Tang M,Ban T T,Ma M,Gu N.2005.Study oncytotoxicity and oxidative effects of different sizes of hematite(Fe2O3)nanoparticles on CHL cells in vitro[J].China PublicHealth,21(5):589-591(in Chinese)
- Li Y,Peng G Y,He H J,Qiao Y K,Chang Q,Yang X.2006.Study on carbon nanotube induced acute pulmonary oxidativedamage in mice[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,1(4):357-361(in Chinese)
- Li Y H,Wang S G,Luan Z K,Ding J,Xu C L,Wu D H.2003.Adsorption of cadmium(II)from aqueous solution by surfaceoxidized carbon nanotubes[J].Carbon,41(5):1057-1062
- Li Y H,Wang S G,Wei J Q,Zhang X F,Xu C L,Luan ZK,Wu D H,Wei B Q.2002.Lead adsorption on carbonnanotubes[J].Chem Phys Lett,357(3-4):263-266
- Lin Z Q,Xi Z G,Chao F H,Yang D F,Zhang H S.2006.Study on the oxidative injury of the vascular endothelial cellaffected by SWCNT[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,1(4):362-369(in Chinese)
- Liu L,Tang M,He Z,Ma M,Gu N.2004.Studies on toxicityand mutagenicity of nanoparticles of Fe3O4and Fe3O4coated withglutamic acid[J].Journal of Labour Medicine,21(1):14-17(in Chinese)
- Liu T,Yang Z Z,Zhang B J.2005a.A study on cytotoxicity ofmillimicron brucite fiber dust in vitro[J].Chinese OccupationalMedicine,32(2):13-14(in Chinese)
- Liu T,Zhang B J,Yang Z Z.2005b.The effect of activator-treated on cytotoxicity of nanometer brucite fiber[J].Journal ofLabour Medicine,22(3):212-213(in Chinese)
- Long R Q,Yang R T.2001.Carbon nanotubes as superior sorbentfor dioxin removal[J].J Am Chem Soc,123(9):2058-2059
- Lovric J,Bazzi H S,Cuie Y,Fortin G R A,Winnik F M,Maysinger D.2005.Differences in subcellular distribution andtoxicity of green and red emitting CdTe quantum dots[J].Journalof Molecular Medicine,83(5):377-385
- Lu C S,Chung Y L,Chang K F.2005.Adsorption oftrihalomethanes from water with carbon nanotubes[J].WaterResearch,39(6):1183-1189
- Lyon D Y,Adams L K,Falkner J C,Alvarez P J J.2006.Antibacterial activity of fullerene water suspensions:effects ofpreparation method and particle size[J].Environ Sci Technol,40(14):4360-4366
- Ma M,Zhu Y,Zhang Y,Zhang D S,Tang Z M,Zhang H Q,Gu N.2003.Preparation of magnetite nanoparticles and interactionwith cancer cells[J].Journal of Southeast University(NaturalScience Edition),33(2):205-207(in Chinese)
- Magrez A,Kasas S,Salicio V,Pasquier N,Seo J W,Celio M,Catsicas S,Schwaller B,Forro L.2006.Cellular toxicity ofcarbon-based nanomaterials[J].Nano Letters,6(6):1121-1125
- Manna S K,Sarkar S,Barr J,Wise K,Barrera E V,JejelowoO,Rice-Ficht A C,Ramesh G T.2005.Single-walled carbon-nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcriptionfactor-κB in human keratinocytes[J].Nano Letters,5(9):1676-1684
- Masciangiolo T,Zhang W X.2003.Environmental technologies atthe nanoscale[J].Environ Sci Technol,37(5):102A-108A
- Maynard A D.2006.Nanotechnology:assessing the risks[J].Nano Today,1(2):22-33
- Maynard A D,Aitken R J,Butz T,Colvin V,Donaldson K,Oberd-rster G,Philbert M A,Ryan J,Seaton A,Stone V,Tinkle S S,Tran L,Walker N J,Warheit D B.2006.Safehandling of nanotechnology[J].Nature,444(7117):267-269
- Monteiro-Riviere N A,Nemanich R J,Inman A O,Wang Y YY,Riviere J E.2005.Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactionswith human epidermal keratinocytes[J].Toxicology Letters,155(3):377-384
- Muller J,Huaux F,Lison D.2006.Respiratory toxicity of carbonnanotubes:how worried should we be-[J].Carbon,44(6):1048-1056
- Nel A,Xian T,Madler L,Li N.2006.Toxic potential ofmaterials at the nanolevel[J].Science,311(5761):622-627
- Oberd-rster E.2004.Manufactured nanomaterials(fullerenes C60)induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass[J].Environ Health Perspect,112(10):1058-1062
- Oberd-rster E,Zhu S Q,Blickley T M,McClellan-Green P,Haasch M L.2006.Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineerednanoparticles:effects of fullerene(C60)on aquatic organisms[J].Carbon,44(6):1112-1120
- Olmedo D G,Tasat D R,Guglielmotti M B,Cabrini R L.2005.Effect of titanium dioxide on the oxidative metabolism of alveolarmacrophages:An experimental study in rats[J].Journal of BiomedicalMaterial Research Part A,73A(2):142-149
- Parker D R,Kinraide T B,Zelazny L W.1989.On thephytotoxicity of polynuclear hydroxyl-aluminum complexes[J].SoilScience Society of America Journal,53(3):789-796
- Peng X J,Li Y H,Luan Z K,Di Z C,Wang H Y,Tian B H,Jia Z P.2003.Adsorption of1,2-dichlorobenzene from water tocarbon nanotubes[J].Chem Phys Lett,376(1-2):154-158
- Proffitt F.2004.Yellow light for nanotech[OL].2004-11-25.http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2004/729/4
- Rancan F,Rosan S,Boehm F,Cantrell A,Brellreich M,Schoenberger H,Hirsch A,Moussa F.2002.Cytoxicity andphotocytoxicity of dentritic C60mono-adduct and a malonic acidC60tris-adduct on jurkat cells[J].Journal of Photochemistry andPhotobiology B:Biology,67(3):157-162
- Rouse J G,Yang J Z,Barron A R,Monteiro-Riviere N A.2006.Fullerene-based amino acid nanoparticle interactions withhuman epidermal keratinocytes[J].Toxicology in Vitro,20(8):1313-1320
- Sayes C M,Fortner J D,Guo W,Lyon D,Boyd A M,AusmanK D,Yao Y J,Sitharaman B,Wilson L J,Hughes J B,West JL,Colvin V L.2004.The differential cytotoxicity of water-solublefullerenes[J].Nano Letters,4(10):1881-1887
- Sayes C M,Gobin A M,Ausman K D,Mendez J,West J L,Colvin V L.2005.Nano-C60cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation[J].Biomaterials,26(36):7587-7595
- Service R F.2000.Is nanotechnology dangerous-[J].Science,290:1526-1527
- Service R F.2003.Nanomaterials show signs of toxicity[J].Science,300:243
- Service R F.2004.Buckyballs bad for fish[OL].2004-11-25.http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2004/330/1
- Shiohara A,Hoshino A,Hanaki K,Suzuki K,Yamamoto K.2004.On the cyto-toxicity caused by quantum dots[J].Microbiologyand Immunology,48(9):669-675
- Singh R,Pantarotto D,Lacerda L,Pastorin G,Klumpp C,PratoM,Bianco A,Kostarelos K.2006.Tissue biodistribution andblood clearance rates of intravenously administered carbon radiotracers[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A.,103:3357-3362
- Tang H X,Luan Z K.1997.The differences of coagulatingbehavior and mechanism between preproduced inorganic polymericand traditional coagulants[J].Environmental Chemistry,16(6):497-505(in Chinese)
- The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering.2004.Nanoscience and nanotechnologies:Opportunities and uncertainties[OL].2006-08-18.http://www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm
- Wagatsuma T,Kaneko M.1987.High toxicity of hydroxyl-aluminum polymer ions to plant roots[J].Soil Science and PlantNutrition,33(1):57-67
- Wang B,Feng W Y,Zhao Y L,Chai Z F,Wang H F,Jia G.2004.Research progression in biological effect of nanomaterialsand its toxicology[J].Science in China(Ser.B Chemistry),35:1-10(in Chinese)
- Wang N,Cheng J J,Yao K A,Bi S P.2006.The differentialpulse voltammentary studies of the influence of multi-wall carbonnanotubes on the LDH activity[C].3rd Asian Biological InorganicChemistry Conference,Nov1-3,2006,Nanjing.133
- Wang N,Yao K A,Cheng J J,Bi S P.2007.The differentialpulse voltammentary studies of the influence of Al2O3nano particulateson the LDH activity[C].The Seventh Keele Meeting on Aluminum,Feb25-28,2007,Mexico
- Wang T C,Jia G,Shen H Q,Yan L,Wang X,Li Z R,Li GQ,Zhao Y L.2004.Effect of excess iron nano-particles onserum biochemical indexes in mice[J].Journal of Labour Medicine,21(6):434-436(in Chinese)
- Wang T C,Jia G,Wang X,Feng W Y,Wang B,Zhang Z Y,Shen H Q,Zhao Y L.2006a.Effect of nano-particle iron,zincoxide and magnesia on serum LDH and HBDH activities in mice[J].Practical Preventive Medicine,13(5):1101-1102(inChinese)
- Wang T C,Jia G,Wang X,Yan L,Shen H Q,Zhao Y L.2006b.Effect of nano-sized iron oxide yellow pigment on serumbiochemical index in mice[J].Practical Preventive Medicine,13(3):486-487(in Chinese)
- Wang T C,Sun H F,Jia G,Shen H Q,Zhao Y L.2006c.Theeffect of nano-alumina on serum biochemical index in mice[J].China Occupational Medicine,33(3):171-173(in Chinese)
- Wang T C,Wang B,Feng W Y,Jia G,Shen H Q,Zhao Y L.2006d.Effect of nano-zinc powder on mice serum biochemicalindexes[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,22(8):934-935(in Chinese)
- Wang T C,Zhang Z Y,Jia G,Shen H Q,Zhao Y L.2005.Effect of nano-particle magnesia on some serum biochemicalindices in mice[J].Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine,18(3):140-142(in Chinese)
- Wang X,Chen C,Hu W,Ding A,Xu D,Zhou X.2005.Sorption of243Am(III)to multiwall carbon nanotubes[J].Environ SciTechnol,39(8):2856-2860
- Warheit D B.2006.What is currently known about the healthrisks related to carbon nantube exposures-[J].Carbon,44(6):1064-1069
- Warheit D B,Laurence B R,Reed K L,Roach D H,ReynoldsG A M,Webb T R.2004.Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessmentof single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats[J].Toxicological Sciences,77(1):117-125
- Xi Z G,Lin Z Q.2006.Researching advancements andperspectives of the influences of nanoscale substances on ecologicalenvironment and biological safety[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,1(3):203-208(in Chinese)
- Xia T,Kovochich M,Brant J,Hotze M,Sempf J,Oberley T,Sioutas C,Yeh J I,Wiesner M R,Nel A E.2006.Comparisonof the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles toinduce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm[J].Nano Letters,6(8):1794-1807
- Yang K,Zhu L Z,Xing B S.2006.Adsorption of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons by carbon nanomaterials[J].Environ SciTechnol,40(6):1855-1861
- Yang L,Watts D J.2005.Particle surface characteristics mayplay an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles[J].Toxicology Letters,158(2):122-132
- Yang X L,Fan C H,Zhu H S.2002.Photo-induced cytotoxicityof malonic acid[C60]fullerene derivatives and its mechanism[J].Toxicology in Vitro,16(1):41-46
- Yin H,Too H P,Chow G M.2005.The effects of particle sizeand surface coating on the cytotoxicity of nickel ferrite[J].Biomaterials,26(29):5818-5826
- Zhang H S,Yang D F,Xi Z G,Yang Z M,Liu H L,Li J W.2006.Study on the oxidative stress of rats induced by benzo[a]pyrene coated onto nano carbon/silicon dioxide particles[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,1(4):370-374(in Chinese)
- Zhang J,Yang J,Zhu X Q.2006.The advancement ofenvironmental and ecotoxicological research of nanomaterials[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,1(4):350-356(in Chinese)
- Zhao H Z,Ge X P,Luan Z K,Jiang Z P.2004.Effects of Caon the distribution,structure and morphology of aluminum speciesin polyaluminum chloride[J].Chinese Science Bul1etin,49(12):1241-1244
- Zhou Y M,Zhong C Y,Kennedy I M,Pinkerton K E.2003.Pulmonary responses of acute exposure to ultrafine iron particlesin healthyadult rats[J].Environmental Toxicology,18:227-235
- Zhu S Q,Oberd-rster E,Haasch M L.2006.Toxicity of anengineered nanoparticle(fullerene,C60)in two aquatic species,Daphnia and fathead minnow[J].Marine Environmental Research,62(Supp.l):S5-9
- Zhu X S,Zhu L.2005.Review on biological effects of manufacturednano-materials[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,5(4):86-90(in Chinese)
- 车望军,张遵真,吴媚,冉云,张浩,曾祥贵.2005.纳米1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯的急性毒性和致突变性[J].中国工业医学杂志,18(3):143-146
- 陈霖,杨新林,彭鲲鹏,朱鹤孙.2001.水溶性C60衍生物的光致细胞膜毒性的动态研究[J].高技术通讯,2:17-20
- 范轶欧,张颖花.2005.TiO2、SiO2、Fe纳米及微米粉体对红细胞毒性作用的比较[J].中国工业医学杂志,18(2):67-69
- 贾元宏,张淑青,张学庆,王玲.2002.一种纳米材料抑菌效果及毒性试验观察[J].预防医学文献信息,8(6):737
- 李杜,何哓晓,王柯敏,何春梅.2002.无机硅壳类纳米颗粒对细胞的毒性测试[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学报),29(6):1-6
- 李倩,唐萌,班婷婷,马明,顾宁.2005.不同粒径纳米Fe2O3的细胞毒性及氧化作用[J].中国公共卫生,21(5):589-591
- 李岩,彭光银,何胡军,乔永康,常青,杨旭.2006.碳纳米管导致小鼠肺部急性氧化损伤作用的研究[J].生态毒理学报,1(4):357-361
- 林治卿,袭著革,晁福寰,杨丹凤,张华山.2006.单壁碳纳米管对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞损伤[J].生态毒理学报,1(4):362-369
- 刘岚,唐萌,何整,马明,顾宁.2004.Fe3O4及Fe3O4-Glu纳米颗粒的毒性和致突变性研究[J].环境与职业医学,21(1):14-17
- 刘涛,杨振中,张本界.2005a.纳米级水镁石纤维粉尘的体外细胞毒性研究[J].中国职业医学,32(2):13-14
- 刘涛,张本界,杨振中.2005b.经活性剂处理对纳米级水镁石纤维细胞毒性的影响[J].环境与职业医学,22(3):212-213
- 马明,朱毅,张宇,张东生,唐祖明,张海黔,顾宁.2003.四氧化三铁纳米粒子与癌细胞相互作用的初步研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):205-20