陈琛;王娟;聂亚光;王希楠;许安;

• 1:中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院
• 2:中国科学技术大学

摘要(Abstract)：

虽然人类社会不断进步发展,但大量工业和自然排放也导致了严重的空气污染。大气颗粒物是大气污染物的主要成分之一,黑碳是其中的重要组成成分,被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为2B类致癌物。黑碳可以吸附其他致癌物质,会对环境和人体健康产生不利影响,因此黑碳暴露对人类的危害得到越来越多的重视。空气中黑碳的水平与心血管、呼吸和神经系统疾病的发生都有关系;黑碳主要通过引起氧化应激和炎症反应,诱发基因突变等一系列损伤。虽然现今对于黑碳健康效应的研究已取得了一些进展,但研究多数处于起步阶段,且仅针对黑碳本身进行单独研究,未来还需要加强开展对黑碳和其他污染物联合毒性效应及机制的研究。本综述主要针对近年来已开展的研究进行了总结归纳。

关键词(KeyWords)： 大气颗粒物;黑碳;心血管疾病;肺部功能;中枢神经系统

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(21677147);; 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院院长特别基金(YZJJ201501);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB14000000)

作者(Author): 陈琛;王娟;聂亚光;王希楠;许安;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]董树屏,刘咸德,祁辉,等.大气颗粒物中元素碳的直接测定[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(3):20-23Dong S P,Liu X D,Qi H,et al.Direct determination of element carbon in the atmospheric aerosols by CHN elemental analyzer[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2004,20(3):20-23(in Chinese)
• [2]Rosa M J,Yan B,Chillrud S N,et al.Domestic airborne black carbon levels and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate among children in New York City[J].Environmental Research,2014,135C:105-110
• [3]Mikoajczyk U,Bujakpietrek S,Szadkowskastańczyk I.Worker exposure to ultrafine particles during carbon black treatment[J].Medycyna Pracy,2015,66(3):317-326
• [4]韦新东,汪雨薇,薛洪海,等.黑碳对有机污染物环境行为的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(33):133-142Wei X D,Wang Y W,Xue H H,et al.Effect of black carbon on environmental behavior of organic pollutants[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(33):133-142(in Chinese)
• [5]Eklund A G,Chow J C,Greenbaum D S,et al.Public health and components of particulate matter:The changing assessment of black carbon[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2014,64(6):1221-1231
• [6]Wang R,Tao S,Shen H,et al.Trend in global black carbon emissions from 1960 to 2007[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,48(12):6780-6787
• [7]Santoso M,Lestiani D D,Hopke P K.Atmospheric black carbon in PM2.5in Indonesian cities[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2013,63(9):1022-1025
• [8]Jin M,Chu H,Li Y,et al.MAP4K4 deficiency in CD4(+)T cells aggravates lung damage induced by ozone-oxidized black carbon particles[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2016,46:246-254
• [9]Zanobetti A,Coull B A,Gryparis A,et al.Associations between arrhythmia episodes and temporally and spatially resolved black carbon and particulate matter in elderly patients[J].Occupational and Environmental Medicine,2013,71(3):201-207
• [10]Louwies T,Nawrot T,Cox B,et al.Blood pressure changes in association with black carbon exposure in a panel of healthy adults are independent of retinal microcirculation[J].Environment International,2014,75(6):81-86
• [11]Zhao X,Sun Z,Ruan Y,et al.Personal black carbon exposure influences ambulatory blood pressure:Air pollution and cardiometabolic disease(AIRCMD-China)study[J].Hypertension,2014,63(4):871-877
• [12]Provost E B,Louwies T,Cox B,et al.Short-term fluctuations in personal black carbon exposure are associated with rapid changes in carotid arterial stiffening[J].Environment International,2016,88:228-234
• [13]Wilker E H,Mittleman M A,Coull B A,et al.Long-term exposure to black carbon and carotid intima-media thickness:The normative aging study[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2013,121(9):1061-1067
• [14]Jacobson L D S V,Hacon S D S,Castro H A D,et al.A-cute effects of particulate matter and black carbon from seasonal fires on Peak Expiratory Flow of school children in the Brazilian Amazon[J].PLOS ONE,2014,9(8):e104177
• [15]蔡婧.城市个体黑碳暴露特征与儿童呼吸道健康效应关系研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013:89-104Cai J.Characterization of personal exposure to black carbon in urban settings and airway response in children[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2013:89-104(in Chinese)
• [16]Ji H,Hershey G K K.Genetic and epigenetic influence on the response to environmental particulate matter[J].Journal of Allergy&Clinical Immunology,2012,129(1):33-41
• [17]Jing H,Yin Y,Li P,et al.Acute effects of black carbon and PM2.5on children asthma admissions:A time-series study in a Chinese city[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,481(1):433-438
• [18]Zhang R,Dai Y,Zhang X,et al.Reduced pulmonary function and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in nanoscale carbon black-exposed workers[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2014,11(1):73
• [19]Schreiber N,Str9bele M,Kopf J,et al.Lung alterations following single or multiple low-dose carbon black nanoparticle aspirations in mice[J].Journal of Toxicology&Environmental Health Part A,2013,76(24):1317-1332
• [20]Onoda A,Umezawa M,Takeda K,et al.Effects of maternal exposure to ultrafine carbon black on brain perivascular macrophages and surrounding astrocytes in offspring mice[J].Pl OS One,2014,9(4):e94336
• [21]Colicino E,Power M C,Cox D G,et al.Mitochondrial haplogroups modify the effect of black carbon on age-related cognitive impairment[J].Environmental Health,2014,13(1):1-8
• [22]Büchner N,Ale-Agha N,Jakob S,et al.Unhealthy diet and ultrafine carbon black particles induce senescence and disease associated phenotypic changes[J].Experimental Gerontology,2013,48(1):8-16
• [23]Vesterdal L K,Mikkelsen L,Folkmann J K,et al.Carbon black nanoparticles and vascular dysfunction in cultured endothelial cells and artery segments[J].Toxicology Letters,2012,214(1):19-26
• [24]Frikke-Schmidt H,Roursgaard M,Lykkesfeldt J,et al.Effect of vitamin C and iron chelation on diesel exhaust particle and carbon black induced oxidative damage and cell adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells[J].Toxicology Letters,2011,203(3):181-189
• [25]Vesterdal L K,Folkmann J K,Jacobsen N R,et al.Pulmonary exposure to carbon black nanoparticles and vascular effects[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2010,7(1):33
• [26]Hussain S,Thomassen L C,Ferecatu I,et al.Carbon black and titanium dioxide nanoparticles elicit distinct apoptotic pathways in bronchial epithelial cells[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2010,7(1):10
• [27]Cassee F R,Boere A J,Bos J,et al.Effects of diesel exhaust enriched concentrated PM2.5:In ozone preexposed or monocrotaline-treated rats[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2002,14(7):721-743
• [28]Mordukhovich I,Lepeule J,Coull B A,et al.The effect of oxidative stress polymorphisms on the association between long-term black carbon exposure and lung function among elderly men[J].Thorax,2015,70(2):133-137
• [29]Belade E,Armand L,Martinon L,et al.A comparative transmission electron microscopy study of titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles uptake in human lung epithelial and fibroblast cell lines[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2012,26(1):57-66
• [30]Bourdon J A,Saber A T,Jacobsen N R,et al.Carbon black nanoparticle instillation induces sustained inflammation and genotoxicity in mouse lung and liver[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2012,9(1):5
• [31]Bourdon J A,Williams A,Kuo B,et al.Gene expression profiling to identify potentially relevant disease outcomes and support human health risk assessment for carbon black nanoparticle exposure[J].Toxicology,2013,303(1):83-93
• [32]付铠,周启星,胡献刚.大气颗粒物物理化学属性致病效应与损伤机制的研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2016,11(1):25-36Fu K,Zhou Q X,Hu X G.The research progress in physiochemical properties of atmospheric particulate matters for health effects and mechanisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2016,11(1):25-36(in Chinese)
• [33]Jacobsen N R,White P A,Gingerich J,et al.Mutation spectrum in FE1-Muta(TM)Mouse lung epithelial cells exposed to nanoparticulate carbon black[J].Environmentaland Molecular Mutagenesis,2011,52(4):331-337
• [34]Husain M,Kyjovska Z O,Bourdonlacombe J,et al.Carbon black nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice following a single intratracheal instillation[J].Toxicology&Applied Pharmacology,2015,289(3):573-588
• [35]Kyjovska Z O,Jacobsen N R,Saber A T,et al.DNAdamage following pulmonary exposure by instillation to low doses of carbon black(Printex 90)nanoparticles in mice[J].Environmental&Molecular Mutagenesis,2014,56(1):41-49
• [36]Bourdon J A,Saber A T,Jacobsen N R,et al.Carbon black nanoparticle intratracheal instillation does not alter cardiac gene expression[J].Cardiovascular Toxicology,2013,13(4):406-412
• [37]Hasegawa G,Hirano M,Ishihara Y.Differential gene expression associated with inflammation and blood pressure regulation induced by concentrated ambient particle exposure[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2011,23(14):897-905
• [38]Boisen A M,Shipley T,Jackson P,et al.In utero exposure to nanosized carbon black(Printex90)does not induce tandem repeat mutations in female murine germ cells[J].Reproductive Toxicology,2013,41(11):45-48
• [39]Colicino E,Giuliano G,Power M C,et al.Long-term exposure to black carbon,cognition and single nucleotide polymorphisms in micro RNA processing genes in older men[J].Environment International,2016,88:86-93
• [40]Bourdon J A,Saber A T,Halappanavar S,et al.Carbon black nanoparticle intratracheal installation results in large and sustained changes in the expression of mi R-135b in mouse lung[J].Environmental&Molecular Mutagenesis,2012,53(6):462-468
• [41]Chen T T,Chuang K J,Chiang L L,et al.Characterization of the interactions between protein and carbon black[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,264:127-135
• [42]Chang C C,Chen C Y,Chiu H F,et al.Elastases from inammatory and dendritic cells mediate ultrafne carbon black induced acute lung destruction in mice[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2011,23(10):616-626
• [43]Snider G L.Emphysema:The first two centuries-and beyond.A historical overview,with suggestions for future research:Part 2[J].The American Review of Respiratory Disease,1992,146(6):1615-1622
• [44]Shapiro S D,Goldstein N M,Houghton M G,et al.Neutrophil elastase contributes to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice[J].American Journal of Pathology,2003,163(6):2329-2335
• [45]Cavarra E,Lucattelli M,Gambelli F,et al.Human SLPIinactivation after cigarette smoke exposure in a new in vivo model of pulmonary oxidative stress[J].AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology,2001,281(2):L412-L417
• [46]Reed M D,Blair L F,Burling K,et al.Health effects of subchronic exposure to diesel-water-methanol emulsion emission[J].Toxicology and Industrial Health,2006,22(2):65-85
• [47]Bourdon J A,Halappanavar S,Saber A T,et al.Hepatic and pulmonary toxicogenomic profiles in mice intratracheally instilled with carbon black nanoparticles reveal pulmonary inflammation,acute phase response,and alterations in lipid homeostasis[J].Eukaryotic Cell,2012,127(2):474-484
• [48]Tellabati A,Fernandes V E,Teichert F,et al.Acute exposure of mice to high-dose ultrafine carbon black decreases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2010,7(1):30
• [49]Totlandsdal A I,Refsnes M M.Mechanisms involved in ultrafine carbon black-induced release of IL-6 from primary rat epithelial lung cells[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2010,24(24):10-20
• [50]Jermann E.Formation of PAH-DNA adducts after in vivo and vitro exposure of rats and lung cells to different commercial carbon blacks[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2005,205(2):157-167
• [51]Sanfins E,Dairou J,Hussain S,et al.Carbon black nanoparticles impair acetylation of aromatic amine carcinogens through inactivation of arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes[J].American Chemical Society Nano,2011,5(6):4504-4511