10种常用农药对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)的急性毒性效应Acute Toxic Effect of Ten Commonly Used Pesticides on Earthworm (Eisenia foetida)
赵学平;王彦华;吴声敢;俞瑞鲜;吴长兴;陈丽萍;苍涛;王强;
摘要(Abstract):
为了评价农药对土壤无脊椎动物种群的生态风险,采用OECD标准滤纸法和人工土壤法测定了10种常用农药对蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)的急性毒性效应。采用滤纸法,48h测定结果表明,4种氨基甲酸酯类(异丙威、甲萘威、速灭威和丁硫克百威)和2种有机磷类(毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷)农药对蚯蚓的急性毒性(其LC50值为3.50(2.77~4.44)~72.42(59.58~88.05)μg·cm-2)明显高于3种昆虫生长调节剂(噻嗪酮、虫酰肼和呋喃虫酰肼)和吡蚜酮对蚯蚓的急性毒性(其LC50值>629.1μg·cm-2)。采用人工土壤法,14d测定结果表明,上述4种氨基甲酸酯类农药对蚯蚓的急性毒性(其LC50值为59.61(55.13~64.44)~134.1(127.0~141.5)mg·kg-1)明显高于上述2种有机磷类农药和其他农药对蚯蚓的急性毒性(其LC50值为193.0(180.1~206.8)~386.4(359.7~414.2)mg·kg-1)。上述结果表明,不同类型的农药对蚯蚓的毒性存在较大差异,且同一类型的不同农药品种对蚯蚓的毒性也存在较大差异。总体来看,氨基甲酸酯类农药比其他类型的农药对蚯蚓具有更高的毒性。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,本研究采用人工土壤法测定的所有农药对蚯蚓均为低毒级。
关键词(KeyWords): 有机磷类农药;氨基甲酸酯类农药;赤子爱胜蚓;急性毒性
基金项目(Foundation): 科技部国际合作项目(S2010GR0905),科技部863项目(2011AA100806);; 浙江省农业科学院与中国科学院合作项目;; 浙江省重大科技专项(2006C12023)
作者(Author): 赵学平;王彦华;吴声敢;俞瑞鲜;吴长兴;陈丽萍;苍涛;王强;
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