张大文;袁丽娟;张莉;向建军;廖且根;罗林广;邱素艳;

• 1:江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

蓝藻虽然能产生有毒的生物毒素,但是也含有较高的蛋白质。为探索蓝藻饲料化利用的可能性,本文通过腹腔注射的方式研究了微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)对崇仁麻鸡的半数致死剂量(LD_(50))及其对肝脏的氧化损伤。实验设计了4个剂量组(对照组、5、10和20μg·kg~(-1)MC-LR),并在1、3、12、24和48 h检测了谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化。结果表明,MC-LR对崇仁麻鸡的LD_(50)值为34.67μg·kg~(-1)体重(bw),95%的置信限为33.51～35.83μg·kg~(-1)bw。在MC-LR的作用下,鸡肝出现了氧化应激现象。3个染毒组鸡肝中GSH含量呈现先下降而后上升恢复至正常水平的趋势,GST酶活力表现为先上升而后下降至正常值的趋势,这说明GSH和GST共同参与了鸡肝中MC-LR的解毒;鸡肝中GPX酶活性在前3小时先保持不变(除了1 h的高剂量组),随即显著上升,这说明GPX和GSH共同参与了鸡肝中过量活性氧自由基(ROS)的清除,GPX可以作为监测MC-LR引起鸡毒性作用的生物标志物。CAT酶活力表现为先显著下降(P<0.05)而后快速上升至正常值的趋势,SOD酶在整个实验期间几乎保持稳定,这可能与SOD酶活性较高所致。

关键词(KeyWords)： 微囊藻毒素;崇仁麻鸡;抗氧化酶;氧化损伤;肝脏

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31500440);; 江西省青年科学基金计划项目(20143ACB21007)

作者(Author): 张大文;袁丽娟;张莉;向建军;廖且根;罗林广;邱素艳;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Buratti F M,Manganelli M,Vichi S,et al. Cyanotoxins:Producing organisms,occurrence,toxicity,mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation[J]. Archives of Toxicology, 2017, 91(3):1049-1130
• [2] Svir? ev Z,Drobac D,Tokodi N,et al. Toxicology of microcystins with reference to cases of human intoxications and epidemiological investigations of exposures to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins[J]. Archives of Toxicology,2017,91(2):621-650
• [3]丁艳华．蓝藻综合利用的研究进展[J]．江苏环境科技，2008,21(S1):147-149Ding Y H. Research progress on the comprehensive use of cyanobacteria[J]. Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology,2008,21(S1):147-149(in Chinese)
• [4]许玲，张无敌，尹芳，等．蓝藻综合利用研究现状[J]．现代农业科技，2010(8):283-284Xu L,Zhang W D,Yin F,et al. Research status on integrated utilization of blue algae[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010(8):283-284(in Chinese)
• [5]杨苏，陈朝银，赵声兰，等．滇池蓝藻资源综合利用的研究进展[J]．云南化工，2006,33(3):49-53Yang S,Chen C Y,Zhao S L,et al. Research advance on the comprehensive use of cyanobacteria in Dianchi Lake[J]. Yunan Chemical Technology,2006,33(3):49-53(in Chinese)
• [6] Rastogi R P,Sinha R P,Incharoensakdi A. The cyanotoxin-microcystins:Current overview[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2014,13(2):215-249
• [7] Puddick J,Prinsep M R,Wood S A,et al. Further characterization of glycine-containing microcystins from the McMurdo dry Valleys of Antarctica[J]. Toxins,2015,7(2):493-515
• [8] Kuiper-Goodman T,Falconer I,Fitzgerald J. Human Health Aspects. Chapter 4.[M]//Chorus I,Bartram J.eds. Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water,A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences,Monitoring and Management. London and New York:E&FN Spon,1999:113-153
• [9]胡碧洋，赵蕾，周文静，等．我国水华蓝藻资源化研究现状、问题与对策[J]．水生态学杂志，2012,33(3):138-143Hu B Y,Zhao L,Zhou W J,et al. Current situation,potential development issues and countermeasures of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in China[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(3):138-143(in Chinese)
• [10] Chen L,Xie P. Mechanisms of microcystin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis[J]. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry,2016,16(13):1018-1030
• [11] PaskerováH,HilscherováK,Bláha L. Oxidative stress and detoxificaiton biomarker responses in aquatic freshwater vertebrates exposed to microcystins and cyanobacterial biomass[J]. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research,2012,19(6):2024-2037
• [12]王春雨．微囊藻毒素对鸭的急性和亚慢性毒性研究[D]．新乡:河南师范大学，2010:1-51.Wang C Y. Acute andsubchronic toxicity of microcystins on duck[D]. Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2010:1-51(in Chinese)
• [13]张晓波，李晓青，李璟，等．微囊藻毒素对鸭胚的毒性及半致死剂量研究[J]．安徽农业科学，2011,39(19):11582-11583Zhang X B,Li X Q,Li J,et al. Microcystin toxicity and its median lethal dose on duck embryo[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(19):11582-11583(in Chinese)
• [14]孙瑞元．简捷实用的半数致死量综合计算法[J]．药学学报，1963,10(2):65-74Sun R Y. A practical combined method for computing the median lethal dose[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,1963,10(2):65-74(in Chinese)
• [15] Zenick H,Clegg E D. Assessment of the Male Reproductive Toxicity:A Risk Assessment Approach[M]//Hayes A W. Principles and Methods of Toxicology. New York:Raven Press,1989:275
• [16]李哲，边爱，沈丽珍，等．微囊藻毒素-LR对小鼠毒性机制的研究[J]．食品科学，2010,31(1):247-250Li Z,Bian A,Shen L Z,et al. Toxicological mechanisms of microcystin-LR in mice[J]. Food Science,2010,31(1):247-250(in Chinese)
• [17]杨黎江，沈放，仝向荣，等．滇池微囊藻毒素对小鼠肝脏的毒性研究[J]．昆明学院学报，2013,35(3):45-47Yang L J,Shen F,Tong X R,et al. On toxicity of microcystin in water of Dianchi Lake on mice liver[J]. Journal of Kunming University,2013,35(3):45-47(in Chinese)
• [18]明俊超，姜海洲，袁新华．微囊藻毒素对鱼类的毒性效应及其作用机理研究进展[J]．中国农学通报，2012,28(35):69-74Ming J C,Jiang H Z,Yuan X H. A review of microcystin:Toxic effects and mechanisms in exposed fish[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(35):69-74(in Chinese)
• [19] Yuan J L,Gu Z M,Zheng Y,et al. Accumulation and detoxification dynamics of microcystin-LR and antioxidant responses in male red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2016,177:8-18
• [20] Pham T,Shimizu K,Dao T,et al. Microcystin uptake and biochemical responses in the freshwater clam Corbicula leana P. exposed to toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aerugenosa:Evidence of tolerance to cyanotoxins[J]. Toxicology Reports,2015,2:88-98
• [21] Lushchak V L. Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2011,101(1):13-30
• [22] Amado L L,Monserrat J M. Oxidative stress generation by microcystins in aquatic animals:Why and how[J].Environmental International,2010,36(2):226-235
• [23] Goncalves-Soares D,Zanette J,Yepiz-Plascencia G M,et al. Expression and activity of glutathione S-transferases and catalase in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated with a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain[J].Marine Environmental Research,2012,75(3):54-61
• [24] Kondo F,Ikai Y,Oka H,et al. Formation,characterization and toxicity of the glutathione and cysteine conjugates of toxic heptapeptide microcystins[J]. Chemical Research in Toxicology,1992,5(5):591-596
• [25] Kondo F,Matsumoto H,Yamada S,et al. Detection and identification of metabolites of microcystins formed in vivo in mouse and rat livers[J]. Chemical Research in Toxicology,1996,9(8):1355-1359
• [26] Pflugmacher S,Wiegand C,Oberemm A,et al. Identification of an enzymatically formed glutathione conjugate of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR:The first step of detoxication[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1998,1425(3):527-533
• [27] Li X Y,Liu Y D,Song L R,et al. Responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)to the toxicity of microcystin-LR[J].Toxicon,2003,42(1):85-89
• [28] Malbrouck C,Trausch G,Devos P,et al. Effect of microcystin-LR on protein phosphatase activity in fed and fasted juvenile goldfish Carassius auratus L.[J]. Toxicon,2004,43(3):295-301
• [29] Angeles J,Silvia P. Toxic cyanobacerial cells containing microcystins induce oxidative stress in exposed tilapia fish(Oreochromis sp.)[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2005,72(3):261-271
• [30] Priero A I,Josá，Pichardo S,et al. Differential oxidative stress responses to microcystins LR and RR in intraperitoneally exposed tilapia fish(Oreochromis sp.)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,77(3):314-321
• [31] Priero A I,Pichardo S,Josá，et al. Time-dependent oxidative stress response after acute exposure to toxic cyanobacterial cells containing microcystins in tilapia fish(Oreochromis niloticus)under laboratory conditions[J]. Aquatic Toxicology,2007,84(3):337-345
• [32]李效宇，刘永定，宋立荣，等．鲤肝细胞抗氧化系统对微囊藻毒素毒性的反应[J]．水生生物学报，2003,27(5):472-475Li X Y,Liu Y D,Song L R,et al. Responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)to the toxicity of microcystin-LR[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinca,2003,27(5):472-475(in Chinese)
• [33]陈家长，宋超，胡庚东，等．微囊藻毒素-LR对罗非鱼肝脏活性氧自由基含量及相关抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]．农业环境科学学报，2011,30(8):1521-1525Chen J C,Song C,Hu G D,et al. Effects of microcystinLR on antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species in tilapia fish[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(8):1521-1525(in Chinese)
• [34] Li L,Xie P,Guo L G. Antioxidant response in liver of the phytoplanktivorous bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)intraperitoneally-injected with extracted microcystins[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(2):165-172
• [35] Burmester V,Nimptsch J,Wiegand C. Adaptation of freshwater mussels to cyanobacterial toxins:Response of biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,78(2):296-309
• [36] Zhang J Q,Xie Z C,Wang Z. Oxidative stress responses and toxin accumulation in the freshwater snail Radix swinhoei(Gastropoda,Pulmonata)exposed to microcystin-LR[J]. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research,2016,23(2):1353-1361
• [37] Muthukumar K,Rajakumar S,Sarkar M N,et al. Glutathione peroxidase 3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protects phospholipids during cadmium-induced oxidative stress[J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2011,99(4):761-771