杜森;张黎;

• 1:中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院大学

摘要(Abstract)：

砷是世界范围内危害最大的环境污染物之一,也是近海区域一种常见污染物。本文综述了近年来砷在海洋生态系统中累积、转化及传递的最新研究进展。海洋生物普遍具有较高含量的砷,这些砷主要为低毒性的有机砷形态。砷在许多海洋食物链/网中被生物放大,造成高营养级生物中的砷富集,可对生物与人类健康产生潜在危害;这与砷在淡水食物链/网中普遍被生物减小的现象形成鲜明对比。海洋鱼类和贝类等生物可将吸收的无机砷通过生物转化合成砷甜菜碱等有机砷形态,而有机砷比无机砷具有更高的食物链传递能力,可导致海洋鱼类富集更高浓度的砷。因此,砷在海洋生物中的有机形态可能有助于砷沿着海洋食物链/网富集,在某些情况下被生物放大。今后应该加强对不同砷形态在海洋食物链/网中传递及相应影响因素的研究,并通过室内模拟实验与野外调查相结合进行验证,从而加深对砷的生态毒理和生物地球化学作用的科学认识,对准确评估预测砷的生态风险和保障海洋生态安全有重要意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 砷;食物链;海洋;生物放大;形态

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876133);; 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904)

作者(Author): 杜森;张黎;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Bissen M,Frimmel F H.Arsenic-A review.Part I:Occurrence,toxicity,speciation,mobility[J].Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica,2003,31(1):9-18
• [2]Mandal B K,Suzuki K T.Arsenic round the world:A review[J].Talanta,2002,58(1):201-235
• [3]ATSDR.The ASTDR 2017 substance priority list[EB/OL](2017-09-25)[2018-11-06].https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/index.html
• [4]Smedley P L,Kinniburgh D G.A review of the source,behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(5):517-568
• [5]Borak J,Hosgood H D.Seafood arsenic:Implications for human risk assessment[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2007,47(2):204-212
• [6]Wang W X.Dietary toxicity of metals in aquatic animals:Recent studies and perspectives[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(2):203-213
• [7]Lavoie R A,Jardine T D,Chumchal M M,et al.Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic food webs:A worldwide meta-analysis[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(23):13385-13394
• [8]Fisk A T,Hobson K A,Norstrom R J.Influence of chemical and biological factors on trophic transfer of persistent organic pollutants in the northwater polynya marine food web[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(4):732-738
• [9]Huang J H.Arsenic trophodynamics along the food chains/webs of different ecosystems:A review[J].Chemistry and Ecology,2016,32(9):803-828
• [10]Pereira A A,Van Hattum B,de Boer J,et al.Trace elements and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organisms from a tropical coastal lagoon[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,59(3):464-477
• [11]Oremland R S,Stolz J F.The ecology of arsenic[J].Science,2003,300(5621):939-944
• [12]Duncan E G,Maher W A,Foster S D.The formation and fate of organoarsenic species in marine ecosystems:Do existing experimental approaches appropriately simulate ecosystem complexity?[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,12(2):149-162
• [13]Chou C H S J,Harper C.Toxicological profile for arsenic[R].U.S.Dept.of Health and Human Services,Public Health Service,Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,2007
• [14]Liu Y,Liu G,Yuan Z,et al.Presence of arsenic,mercury and vanadium in aquatic organisms of Laizhou Bay and their potential health risk[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,125(1):334-340
• [15]Riani E,Cordova M R,Arifin Z.Heavy metal pollution and its relation to the malformation of green mussels cultured in Muara Kamal waters,Jakarta Bay,Indonesia[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,133:664-670
• [16]Maher W,Waring J,Krikowa F,et al.Ecological factors affecting the accumulation and speciation of arsenic in twelve Australian coastal bivalve molluscs[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,15(2):46-57
• [17]Zhang S Y,Sun G X,Yin X X,et al.Biomethylation and volatilization of arsenic by the marine microalgae Ostreococcus tauri[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(1):47-53
• [18]Kalman J,Smith B D,Bury N R,et al.Biodynamic modelling of the bioaccumulation of trace metals(Ag,As and Zn)by an infaunal estuarine invertebrate,the clam Scrobicularia plana[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2014,154:121-130
• [19]Glabonjat R A,Raber G,Van Mooy B A S,et al.Arsenobetaine in seawater:Depth profiles from selected sites in the North Atlantic[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2018,52(2):522-530
• [20]Navratilova J,Raber G,Fisher S J,et al.Arsenic cycling in marine systems:Degradation of arsenosugars to arsenate in decomposing algae,and preliminary evidence for the formation of recalcitrant arsenic[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,8(1):44-51
• [21]Neff J M.Ecotoxicology of arsenic in the marine environment[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1997,16(5):917-927
• [22]Zhang W,Wang W X.Large-scale spatial and interspecies differences in trace elements and stable isotopes in marine wild fish from Chinese waters[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,215-216:65-74
• [23]Zhang W,Wang W X,Zhang L.Arsenic speciation and spatial and interspecies differences of metal concentrations in mollusks and crustaceans from a South China estuary[J].Ecotoxicology,2013,22(4):671-682
• [24]Azizur Rahman M,Hasegawa H,Peter Lim R.Bioaccumulation,biotransformation and trophic transfer of arsenic in the aquatic food chain[J].Environmental Research,2012,116:118-135
• [25]Krishnakumar P K,Qurban M A,Stiboller M,et al.Arsenic and arsenic species in shellfish and finfish from the western Arabian Gulf and consumer health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,566:1235-1244
• [26]Schmidt L,Landero J A,Novo D L,et al.A feasible method for as speciation in several types of seafood by LC-ICP-MS/MS[J].Food Chemistry,2018,255:340-347
• [27]Li W H,Wei C,Zhang C,et al.A survey of arsenic species in Chinese seafood[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2003,41(8):1103-1110
• [28]Wang N X,Li Y,Deng X H,et al.Toxicity and bioaccumulation kinetics of arsenate in two freshwater green algae under different phosphate regimes[J].Water Research,2013,47(7):2497-2506
• [29]Edmonds J S,Francesconi K A,Cannon J R,et al.Isolation,crystal-structure and synthesis of arsenobetaine,arsenical constituent of western rock lobster Panulirus longipes cygnus George[J].Tetrahedron Letters,1977(18):1543-1546
• [30]Geiszinger A E,Goessler W,Francesconi K A.The marine polychaete Arenicola marina:Its unusual arsenic compound pattern and its uptake of arsenate from seawater[J].Marine Environmental Research,2002,53(1):37-50
• [31]Chen L Z,Wu H F,Zhao J M,et al.The role of GST omega in metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,204:9-18
• [32]Klaassen C D,Liu J,Choudhuri S.Metallothionein:An intracellular protein to protect against cadmium toxicity[J].Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,1999,39(1):267-294
• [33]Thomann R V.Equilibrium model of fate of microcontaminants in diverse aquatic food chains[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1981,38(3):280-296
• [34]Wang W X,Fisher N S.Modeling metal bioavailability for marine mussels[J].Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1997,151:39-65
• [35]Zhang W,Huang L M,Wang W X.Arsenic bioaccumulation in a marine juvenile fish Terapon jarbua[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2011,105(3):582-588
• [36]Dutton J,Fisher N S.Salinity effects on the bioavailability of aqueous metals for the estuarine killifish Fundulus heteroclitus[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2011,30(9):2107-2114
• [37]Zhang W,Zhang L,Wang W X.Prey-specific determination of arsenic bioaccumulation and transformation in a marine benthic fish[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,586:296-303
• [38]Casado-Martinez M C,Smith B D,Luoma S N,et al.Bioaccumulation of arsenic from water and sediment by a deposit-feeding polychaete(Arenicola marina):A biodynamic modelling approach[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,98(1):34-43
• [39]Rainbow P S,Smith B D,Casado-Martinez M C.Biodynamic modelling of the bioaccumulation of arsenic by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,8(1):1-8
• [40]Larsen E H,Francesconi K A.Arsenic concentrations correlate with salinity for fish taken from the North Sea and Baltic Waters[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2003,83(2):283-284
• [41]Wu H F,Liu X L,Zhang X Y,et al.Proteomic and metabolomic responses of clam Ruditapes philippinarum to arsenic exposure under different salinities[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2013,136-137:91-100
• [42]Duncan E G,Maher W A,Foster S D,et al.The influence of arsenate and phosphate exposure on arsenic uptake,metabolism and species formation in the marine phytoplankton Dunaliella tertiolecta[J].Marine Chemistry,2013,157:78-85
• [43]Gray J S.Biomagnification in marine systems:The perspective of an ecologist[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45(1-12):46-52
• [44]Vizzini S,Costa V,Tramati C,et al.Trophic transfer of trace elements in an isotopically constructed food chain from a semi-enclosed marine coastal area(Stagnone di Marsala,Sicily,Mediterranean)[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2013,65(4):642-653
• [45]Sakata M,Miwa A,Mitsunobu S,et al.Relationships between trace element concentrations and the stable nitrogen isotope ratio in biota from Suruga Bay,Japan[J].Journal of Oceanography,2015,71(1):141-149
• [46]Zhao L Q,Yang F,Yan X W.Biomagnification of trace elements in a benthic food web:The case study of Deer Island(Northern Yellow Sea)[J].Chemistry and Ecology,2013,29(3):197-207
• [47]Asante K A,Agusa T,Kubota R,et al.Trace elements and stable isotope ratios(δ13C andδ15N)in fish from deep-waters of the Sulu Sea and the Celebes Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(9):1560-1570
• [48]Briand M J,Bustamante P,Bonnet X,et al.Tracking trace elements into complex coral reef trophic networks[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:1091-1104
• [49]Campbell L M,Norstrom R J,Hobson K A,et al.Mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic Arctic marine food web(Northwater Polynya,Baffin Bay)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,351-352:247-263
• [50]Majer A P,Petti M A V,Corbisier T N,et al.Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic trace elements in benthic organisms of Admiralty Bay(King George Island,Antarctica)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79(1):321-325
• [51]Barwick M,Maher W.Biotransference and biomagnification of selenium copper,cadmium,zinc,arsenic and lead in a temperate seagrass ecosystem from Lake Macquarie Estuary,NSW,Australia[J].Marine Environmental Research,2003,56(4):471-502
• [52]Caumette G,Koch I,Estrada E,et al.Arsenic speciation in plankton organisms from contaminated lakes:Transformations at the base of the freshwater food chain[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(23):9917-9923
• [53]Monferrán M V,Garnero P,de los Angeles Bistoni M,et al.From water to edible fish.Transfer of metals and metalloids in the San Roque Reservoir(Córdoba,Argentina).Implications associated with fish consumption[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,63:48-60
• [54]Revenga J E,Campbell L M,Arribére M A,et al.Arsenic,cobalt and chromium food web biodilution in a Patagonia mountain lake[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,81:1-10
• [55]Signa G,Tramati C D,Vizzini S.Contamination by trace metals and their trophic transfer to the biota in a Mediterranean coastal system affected by gull guano[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2013,479:13-24
• [56]Griboff J,Horacek M,Wunderlin D A,et al.Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of metals,As and Se through a freshwater food web affected by antrophic pollution in Córdoba,Argentina[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,148:275-284
• [57]Nfon E,Cousins I T,Jarvinen O,et al.Trophodynamics of mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic food chain from the Baltic Sea[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(24):6267-6274
• [58]Liu Y,Liu G J,Yuan Z J,et al.Heavy metals(As,Hg and V)and stable isotope ratios(delta(13)C and delta(15)N)in fish from Yellow River Estuary,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,613-614:462-471
• [59]Guo B B,Jiao D Q,Wang J,et al.Trophic transfer of toxic elements in the estuarine invertebrate and fish food web of Daliao River,Liaodong Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1-2):258-265
• [60]Borrell A,Tornero V,Bhattacharjee D,et al.Trace element accumulation and trophic relationships in aquatic organisms of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem(Bangladesh)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,545-546:414-423
• [61]Tu N P C,Agusa T,Ha N N,et al.Stable isotope-guided analysis of biomagnification profiles of arsenic species in a tropical mangrove ecosystem[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,63(5-12):124-134
• [62]Zhang W,Wang W-X.Arsenic biokinetics and bioavailability in deposit-feeding clams and polychaetes[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617:594-601
• [63]Zhang L,Wang W X.Significance of subcellular metal distribution in prey in influencing the trophic transfer of metals in a marine fish[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(5):2008-2017
• [64]Zhang W,Guo Z Q,Zhou Y Y,et al.Comparative contribution of trophic transfer and biotransformation on arsenobetaine bioaccumulation in two marine fish[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2016,179:65-71
• [65]Wang W X.Interactions of trace metals and different marine food chains[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,243:295-309
• [66]Zhang W,Guo Z Q,Zhou Y Y,et al.Biotransformation and detoxification of inorganic arsenic in Bombay oyster Saccostrea cucullata[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2015,158:33-40
• [67]Zhang W,Wang W X,Zhang L.Comparison of bioavailability and biotransformation of inorganic and organic arsenic to two marine fish[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(5):2413-2423
• [68]Zhang W,Chen L Z,Zhou Y Y,et al.Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic in a marine herbivorous fish Siganus fuscescens after dietborne exposure[J].Chemosphere,2016,147:297-304
• [69]Chen L Z,Zhang W,Guo Z Q,et al.Effects of acclimation on arsenic bioaccumulation and biotransformation in freshwater medaka Oryzias mekongensis after chronic arsenic exposure[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,238:17-25
• [70]Foster S,Maher W,Taylor A,et al.Distribution and speciation of arsenic in temperate marine saltmarsh ecosystems[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,2(3):177-189
• [71]Kirby J,Maher W,Chariton A,et al.Arsenic concentrations and speciation in a temperate mangrove ecosystem,NSW,Australia[J].Applied Organometallic Chemistry,2002,16(4):192-201
• [72]Amlund H,Francesconi K A,Bethune C,et al.Accumulation and elimination of dietary arsenobetaine in two species of fish,Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)and Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25(7):1787-1794
• [73]Chen C Y,Folt C L.Bioaccumulation and diminution of arsenic and lead in a freshwater food web[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(18):3878-3884
• [74]Maeda S,Mawatari K,Ohki A,et al.Arsenic metabolism in a freshwater food chain:Blue-green alga(Nostoc sp.),shrimp(Neocaridina denticulata),carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Applied Organometallic Chemistry,1993,7(7):467-476
• [75]Zhang W,Guo Z Q,Song D D,et al.Arsenic speciation in wild marine organisms and a health risk assessment in a subtropical bay of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,626:621-629
• [76]Clowes L A,Francesconi K A.Uptake and elimination of arsenobetaine by the mussel Mytilus edulis is related to salinity[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2004,137(1):35-42
• [77]Levy J L,Stauber J L,Adams M S,et al.Toxicity,biotransformation,and mode of action of arsenic in two freshwater microalgae(Chlorella sp.and Monoraphidium arcuatum)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,24(10):2630-2639