文一;刘伟江;赵康平;张涛;郜志云;朱岗辉;王东;潘家荣;

• 1:环境保护部环境规划院
• 2:中国计量学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为探讨有机磷农药混合物对生物生殖毒性的影响,以模式动物Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠为实验材料,采用亚慢性染毒动物实验,利用3×3析因实验设计方法研究了常见有机磷农药——氧化乐果和毒死蜱的联合雄性生殖毒性效应及机理。结果表明:氧化乐果和毒死蜱联合染毒60 d后,附睾系数增加,精子数量和精子活力降低,联合作用呈现协同效应(p<0.05);混配农药能降低睾丸标志酶乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)的活力,对LDH、ACP、γ-GT的联合作用表现为协同作用(p<0.05);混配农药能增加睾丸中促卵泡生成激素(FSH)含量,降低睾酮(T)含量,联合作用表现为协同作用(p<0.05)。通过组织病理学观察,氧化乐果和毒死蜱混合物能引起曲细精管的萎缩、畸形精子增多、生精细胞坏死、胞浆溶解和线粒体空泡化;支持细胞数量减少,出现坏死,精子从支持细胞上脱落,基底膜脱落等损伤。氧化乐果和毒死蜱对大鼠的联合生殖毒性为协同效应,混合后有明显的增毒作用;对睾丸标志酶(LDH、ACP、γ-GT)活力及睾丸性激素水平(FSH、T)的协同影响,是产生联合生殖毒性的机理之一。以上结果提示,对氧化乐果和毒死蜱进行环境健康风险评价时应考虑这种协同作用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 有机磷农药;联合作用;生殖毒性;性激素;睾丸标志酶

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省重大科技专项重大农业项目(2012C12013-3)

作者(Author): 文一;刘伟江;赵康平;张涛;郜志云;朱岗辉;王东;潘家荣;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Kushik J,Chandrabhan D.Sources of exposure to and public health implications of organophoshphate pesticide[J].Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública,2003,14(3):171-186
• [2]De Silva H J,Samarawickrema N A,Wickremasinghe A R.Toxicity due to organophosphorus compounds:What about chronic exposure[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,2006,100(9):803-806
• [3]Ioannis K K,Dimitra G H,Triantafyllos A A.The status of pesticide pollution in surface waters(rivers and lakes)of Greece.PartⅠ.Review on occurrence and levels[J].Enivronmental Pollution,2006,141:555-570
• [4]王凌,黎先春,殷月芬,等.莱州湾水体中有机磷农药的残留监测与风险影响评价[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(3):83-85Wang L,Li X C,Yin Y F,et al.Organophosphate pesticide residue monitoring and risk assessment in the sea-water from Laizhou Bay[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(3):83-85(in Chinese)
• [5]Kazemi M,Tahmasbi A M,Valizadeh R.Organophosphate pesticides:A gerenal review[J].Agricultural Science Research Journals,2012,2(9):512-522
• [6]Junko K,Ryoko H,Takashi Y,et al.Air pollution and young children's inhalation exposure to organophosphorus pesticide in an agricultural community in Japan[J].Environmental International,2005,31:1123-1132
• [7]姚新民.长期接触低剂量有机磷农药对人体健康影响的研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(4):409-412Yao X M.Progresss of studies on human health impacts of long-term exposure to organophosphorous pesticides[J].Journal of Environmental Occupational Medicine,2008,25(4):409-412(in Chinese)
• [8]闫长会,檀德宏,彭双清.有机磷农药长期低剂量暴露致认知功能损伤的研究进展[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2011,25(4):397-401Yan C H,Tan D H,Peng S Q.Progress in cognitive impairment induced by low-dose exposure to organophosphate pesticides[J].Chinese Journal Pharmacology Toxicology,2011,25(4):397-401(in Chinese)
• [9]Marianne K,Marinella F,Elena M,et al.Integrated ecotoxicological and chemical approach for the assessment of pesticide pollution in the Ebro River delta(Spain)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,383:73-82
• [10]Belden J B,Lydy M J.Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and esfenvalerate to fathead minnows and midge larvae[J].Environmental Toxicology Chemistry,2006,25(2):623-629
• [11]He H,Yu J,Chen G.Acute toxicity of butachlor and atrazine to freshwater green alga Scenedesmus obliquus and cladoceran Daphnia carinata[J].Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety,2012,80:91-96
• [12]张桥.卫生毒理学基础[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001:104-112
• [13]董玉瑛,雷炳莉,柏丽杰.环境化合物联合作用及其研究方法[J].大连民族学院学报,2006,5:39-48Dong Y Y,Lei B L,Bai L J.Joint toxicity effects of environental chemicals and the evaluation of present research methods[J].Journal of Dalian Nationalities University,2006,5:39-48(in Chinese)
• [14]江泉观,于永强.雄(男)性生殖毒理学:理论与方法[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1994:135-136
• [15]张蕾,徐镜波,杨丽.析因实验设计在环境污染物联合毒性研究中的应用[J].干旱环境监测,2004,18(1):20-23Zhang L,Xu J B,Yang L.Application of analysing reason examination design in studying associated toxicity of environment contamination[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2004,18(1):20-23(in Chinese)
• [16]李小鹏,张琛,李娟.基于析因设计的多种重金属对发光菌联合毒性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(12):169-172Li X P,Zhang C,Li J.Joint toxicity of multi-heavy-metal to photobacterium phosphoreum based on factorial design[J].Environmental Science Technology,2012,35(12):169-172(in Chinese)
• [17]卢春凤,王以美,彭双清.2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英和Aroclor 1254对大鼠睾丸的单独和联合毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(1):63-68Lu C F,Wang Y M,Peng S Q.The alone and combined toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Aroclor 1254 on testes of rats[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(1):63-68(in Chinese)
• [18]Zhang Y H,Liu S S,Liu H L.Evaluation of the combined toxicity of 15 pesticides by uniform design[J].Pest Management Science,2010,66:879-887
• [19]Quandt S A,Arcury,Rao P.Agricultural and residential pesticides in wipe samples from farmworkers family residences in North Carolina and Virginia[J].Environmental Health Perspective,2004,112(3):382-387
• [20]Young J G,Eskenazi B,Gladstone E A.Association between in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure and abnormoal reflexes in neonates[J].Neurotoxiciology,2005,26(2):199-209
• [21]Michael C R,Alavanja,Freya K A,et al.Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure:Cancer and neuotoxicity[J].Annual Review of Public Health,2004,25:155-197
• [22]胡良平,郭辰仪.用SAS软件实现析因设计定量资料的统计分析[J].药学服务与研究,2012,12(4):249-252Hu L P,Guo C Y.Statistical analysis of the quantitative data with factorial design and SAS solutions[J].Pharmacy Care Reasearch,2012,12(4):249-252(in Chinese)
• [23]冷欣夫,唐振华,王荫长.杀虫剂分子毒理学及昆虫抗药性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996:118-132
• [24]朱国栋.联合作用的机理[J].工业卫生与职业病分册,1985,1:40-44
• [25]黄伯俊,黄毓磷.农药毒理学[M].北京:人民军医学版社,2005:45-47
• [26]Klaassen C D.毒理学:毒物的基础科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:605-606
• [27]文一,魏帅,潘家荣.氧化乐果对雄性生殖毒性及作用机制[J].核农学报,2009,23(1):170-174Wen Y,Wei S,Pan J R.Reproductive toxicity of omethoate to male rats and its mechanism[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2008,47(8):595-600(in Chinese)
• [28]文一,魏帅,潘家荣.毒死蜱对雄性大鼠生精功能的影响[J].农药,2008,47(8):595-600Wen Y,Wei S,Pan J R.Effects of chlorpyrifos on spermiogenesis function of male rats[J].Agrochemicals,2008,47(8):595-600(in Chinese)
• [29]Karanth S,Olivier L J.Interactive toxicity of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and methyl patathion in adult rats[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2004,(196):183-190
• [30]Burke D M,Thomson S,Weaver R J.Cytochrome P450specifities of alkoxyresorufin o-deelkxylation in human and rat liver[J].Biochemistry Phamacology,1994,48(5):923-936
• [31]Edward L C,Andrew D W,Ernest H.Human varaiation in CYP-specific chlorpyrifos metabolism[J].Toxicology,2010,276:184-191
• [32]Franca M B,Emanuela T.Evidence for CYP3A4 autoactivation in the desulfuration of dimethoate by the human liver[J].Toxicology,2007,241:33-46