常静;杨淞霖;戴欣;李济彤;王会利;瞿唯钢;

• 1:中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境生物技术重点实验室
• 2:中国农业部农药检定所

摘要(Abstract)：

目前,在化学品生态风险评价体系中对爬行动物的毒性效应研究较少。本研究参考鸟类急性经口毒性试验建立了我国本土爬行动物——丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)的急性毒性测试方法,来评价化学品对爬行动物和鸟类的毒性效应之间的差异。选择异氰酸酯、1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮、2,4-二氯苯酚、苯并噻唑和二苯甲酮5种化学品分别对丽斑麻蜥进行暴露实验,并与鸟类模式物种——日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)的急性毒性结果进行比较。结果发现异氰酸酯和苯并噻唑对丽斑麻蜥7 d的半数致死剂量(7 d-LD50)分别为125 mg·kg~(-1)和500 mg·kg~(-1),而对日本鹌鹑的7 d-LD50值分别为27 mg·kg~(-1)和37 mg·kg~(-1);1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-酮、2,4-二氯苯酚和二苯甲酮对丽斑麻蜥的7 d-LD50值分别为909 mg·kg~(-1)、787 mg·kg~(-1)和528 mg·kg~(-1),而对日本鹌鹑7 d-LD50值均大于剂量上限1 000 mg·kg~(-1)。结果表明,丽斑麻蜥和日本鹌鹑对相同化学品的毒性敏感性是存在差异的,用鸟类来评价化学品对爬行动物的潜在风险可能不够准确,应该重视化学品对爬行动物的毒性效应研究。同时,以本土爬行动物的代表物种丽斑麻蜥作为化学品环境风险评价的模式生物,对保护我国本土物种及其多样性、维持生态平衡具有重要意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 爬行动物;丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus);日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica);急性毒性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(21477152,21277163)

作者(Author): 常静;杨淞霖;戴欣;李济彤;王会利;瞿唯钢;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Vyas N B,Spann J W,Hulse C S,et al.Dermal insecticide residues from birds inhabiting an orchard[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,133(1-3):209-214
• [2]Sparling D W,Linder G,Bishop C A,et al.Recent Advancements in Amphibian and Reptile Ecotoxicology[M].Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles,2010:1-11
• [3]王瀛寰,王会利,张艳峰,等.爬行动物应用于毒理学研究的现状[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(6):585-592Wang Y H,Wang H L,Zhang Y F,et al.Appication of reptiles in toxicology research:A review[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(6):585-592(in Chinese)
• [4]Gibbons J W,Scott D E,Ryan T J,et al.The global decline of reptiles,Deja Vu amphibians[J].Bioscience,2000,50(8):653-666
• [5]Wil ingham E.Developmental and reproductive Effects[M]//Gardner S C,Oberdrster E.eds.Toxicology of Reptiles.Taylor&Francis Group,LIC,2006:149-171
• [6]Mc Farland C A,Quinn M J,Bazar M A,et al.Toxicity of oral exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the western fence lizard(Sceloporus occidentalis)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2008,27(5):1102-1111
• [7]Bain D,Buttemer W A,Astheimer L,et al.Effects of sublethal fenitrothion ingestion on cholinesterase inhibition,standard metabolism,thermal preference,and prey-capture ability in the Australian central bearded dragon(Pogona vitticeps,Agamidae)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(1):109-116
• [8]Wang Y H,Guo B Y,Gao Y X,et al.Stereoselective degradation and toxic effects of benalaxyl on blood and liver of the Chinese lizard Eremias argus[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2014,108:34-41
• [9]Wang Y H,Yu D Y,Xu P,et al.Stereoselective metabo-lism,distribution,and bioaccumulation brof triadimefon and triadimenol in lizards[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,107:276-283
• [10]Salice C J,Suski J G,Bazar M A,et al.Effects of inorganic lead on western fence lizards(Sceloporus occidentalis)[J].Environmental Pol ution,2009,157(12):3457-3464
• [11]Amaral M J,Bicho R C,Carretero M A,et al.The use of a lacertid lizard as a model for reptile ecotoxicology studies:Part 2-Biomarkers of exposure and toxicity among pesticide exposed lizards[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(7):765-774
• [12]Rich C N,Talent L G.Soil ingestion may be an important route for the uptake of contaminants by some reptiles[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(2):311-315
• [13]王瀛寰,王会利,张艳峰,等.全氟辛烷磺酸盐PFOS替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(5):537-541Wang Y H,Wang H L,Zhang Y F,et al.Toxicity of alternatives of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)to Chinese recessive white feather quail[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(5):537-541(in Chinese)
• [14]Du Rant S E,Hopkins W A,Talent L G.Impaired terrestrial and arboreal locomotor performance in the western fence lizard(Sceloporus occidentalis)after exposure to an ACh E-inhibiting pesticide[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,149(1):18-24
• [15]Coppen G D A,Jepson P C.Comparative laboratory evaluation of the acute and chronic toxicology of diflubenzuron,hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron against II instar desert locust,(Schistocerca gregaria)(Orthoptera Acrididae)[J].Pesticide Science,1996,46(2):183-190
• [16]Aguilera C,del Pliego P G,Alfaro R M,et al.Pollution biomarkers in the spiny lizard(Sceloporus spp.)from two suburban populations of Monterrey,Mexico[J].Ecotoxicology,2012,21(8):2103-2112
• [17]Wack C L,Fox S F,Hel gren E C,et al.Effects of sex,age,and season on plasma steroids in free-ranging Texas horned lizards(Phrynosoma cornutum)[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2008,155(3):589-596
• [18]Cardone A,Comitato R,Angelini F.Spermatogenesis,epididymis morphology and plasma sex steroid secretion in the male lizard Podarcis sicula exposed to diuron[J].Environmental Research,2008,108(2):214-223
• [19]Sample B E,Aplin M S,Efroymson R A,et al.Methods and Tools for Estimation of the Exposure of Terrestrial Wildlife to Contaminants[R].Oak Ridge,Tennessee USA:Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1997
• [20]Trinchella F,Riggio M,Filosa S,et al.Cadmium distribution and metal othionein expression in lizard tissues following acute and chronic cadmium intoxication[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology&Pharmacology,2006,144(3):272-278
• [21]Alexander G J,Horne D,Hanrahan S A.An evaluation of the effects of deltamethrin on two non-target lizard species in the Karoo,South Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,50(1):121-133
• [22]Amaral M J,Carretero M A,Bicho R C,et al.The use of a lacertid lizard as a model for reptile ecotoxicology studies-Part 1 Field demographics and morphology[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(7):757-764
• [23]Weir S M,Talent L G,Anderson T A,et al.Unraveling the relative importance of oral and dermal contaminant exposure in reptiles:Insights from studies using the western fence lizard(Sceloporus occidentalis)[J].Plos One,2014,9(6):e99666
• [24]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检查检疫总局.GB31270—2014化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015
• [25]OECD.No.223,OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals:Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test[S].Paris,France:OECD,2010:24
• [26]Weir S M,Suski J G,Salice C J.Ecological risk of anthropogenic pol utants to reptiles:Evaluating assumptions of sensitivity and exposure[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(12):3596-3606
• [27]Mc Farland C A,Quinn M J,Bazar M A,et al.Toxic effects of oral hexahydo-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in the western fence lizard(Sceloporus occidentalis)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(5):1043-1050
• [28]Gogal R M,Johnson M S,Larsen C T,et al.Dietary oral exposure to 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in the northern bobwhite(Colinus virginianus)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2003,22(2):381-387
• [29]Mineau P,Baril A,Col ins B T,et al.Pesticide acute toxicity reference values for birds[J].Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2001,170:13-74
• [30]Holem R R,Hopkins W A,Talent L G.Effect of acute exposure to malathion and lead on sprint performance of the western fence lizard(Sceloporus occidentalis)[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2006,51(1):111-6
• [31]Phipps G L,Holcombe G W,Fiandt J T.Acute toxicity of phenol and substituted phenols to the fathead minnow[J].Bul etin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1981,26(5):585-593
• [32]Ashauer R,Hintermeister A,Potthoff E,et al.Acute toxicity of organic chemicals to Gammarus pulex correlates with sensitivity of Daphnia magna across most modes of action[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2011,103(1-2):38-45