青藏高原纳木错流域持久性有机污染物的多介质迁移与归趋模拟Multimedia Fate Modeling of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Nam Co Basin,Tibetan Plateau
任娇;王小萍;王传飞;龚平;姚檀栋;
摘要(Abstract):
南亚排放的持久性有机污染物(POPs)可随大气传输到青藏高原,然而POPs在高原多介质间的迁移与分配尚不清晰。本研究利用三级逸度模型对4种POPs(六六六α-HCH,滴滴涕p,p'-DDT,菲Phe和苯并芘Ba P)在纳木错流域的迁移与归趋进行了模拟。结果表明,大气沉降是该区域污染物的主要输入过程,而降解损失则是主要的输出途径。就最终归趋而言,土壤是POPs在纳木错流域的重要储库,其存储了大于50%的POPs。此外,湖水和沉积物分别对α-HCH和PAHs具有较强的存储能力。灵敏度分析的结果表明,环境温度、大气中POPs的浓度及其理化性质是影响POPs在环境中分布的关键参数。本研究明确了纳木错流域不同POPs的迁移方向和归趋特征,这将为青藏高原生态安全评估提供科学依据。
关键词(KeyWords): 青藏高原;持久性有机污染物;多介质逸度模型;迁移;归趋
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(41222010,41671480);; 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(CAS2011067)
作者(Author): 任娇;王小萍;王传飞;龚平;姚檀栋;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]余刚,周隆超,黄俊,等.持久性有机污染物和《斯德哥尔摩公约》履约[J].环境保护,2010,23:13-15Yu G,Zhou L C,Huang J,et al.Persistent organic pollutants and Stockholm Convention[J].Environmental Protection,2010,23:13-15(in Chinese)
- [2]Beyer A,Mackay D,Matthies M,et al.Assessing longrange transport potential of persistent organic pollutants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(4):699-703
- [3]Wang R,Tao S,Wang B,et al.Sources and pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons transported to Alert,the Canadian High Arctic[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(3):1017-1022
- [4]Mac Donald R W,Barrie L A,Bidleman T F,et al.Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic:5 years of progress in understanding sources,occurrence and pathways[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,254(2-3):93-234
- [5]Kallenborn R,Breivik K,Eckhardt S,et al.Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(14):6983-6992
- [6]Wang X P,Gong P,Yao T D,et al.Passive air sampling of organochlorine pesticides,polychlorinated biphenyls,and polybrominated diphenyl ethers across the Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(8):2988-2993
- [7]Ali U,Syed J H,Malik R N,et al.Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in South Asian region:A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,476:705-717
- [8]Sheng J J,Wang X P,Gong P,et al.Monsoon-driven transport of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls to the Tibetan Plateau:Three year atmospheric monitoring study[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(7):3199-3208
- [9]Gong P,Wang X P,Sheng J J,et al.Variations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau:Role of the monsoon system[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(21-22):2518-2523
- [10]Gong P,Wang X P,Xue Y G,et al.Influence of atmospheric circulation on the long-range transport of organochlorine pesticides to the western Tibetan Plateau[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,166:157-164
- [11]Wang X P,Ren J,Gong P,et al.Spatial distribution of the persistent organic pollutants across the Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with the climate systems:A 5-year air monitoring study[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(11):6901-6911
- [12]Wang X P,Gong P,Sheng J J,et al.Long-range atmospheric transport of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the incursion of aerosols to the southeast Tibetan Plateau[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,115:124-131
- [13]Ma W L,Qi H,Baidron S,et al.Implications for longrange atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lhasa,China[J].Environmental Scienceand Pollution Research,2013,20(8):5525-5533
- [14]Tao S,Wang W T,Liu W X,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2011,13(1):175-181
- [15]Wang X P,Sheng J J,Gong P,et al.Persistent organic pollutants in the Tibetan surface soil:Spatial distribution,air-soil exchange and implications for global cycling[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,170:145-151
- [16]Wang C F,Wang X P,Yuan X H,et al.Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in air,grass and yak butter from Namco in the central Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,201:50-57
- [17]Wang X P,Halsall C,Codling G,et al.Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl compounds in Tibetan mountain snow:Temporal patterns from 1980 to 2010[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(1):173-181
- [18]Wang X P,Gong P,Zhang Q G,et al.Impact of climate fluctuations on deposition of DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane in mountain glaciers:Evidence from ice core records[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(2):375-380
- [19]Kang J H,Sungdeuk C,Hyokeun P,et al.Atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants to the East Rongbuk Glacier in the Himalayas[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,408(1):57-63
- [20]张伟玲,张干,祁士华,等.西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖水体及沉积物中有机氯农药的初步研究[J].地球化学,2003,32(4):363-367Zhang W L,Zhang G,Qi S H,et al.A preliminary study of organochlorinepesticides in water and sediments from two Tibetan Lakes[J].Geochimica,2003,32(4):363-367(in Chinese)
- [21]Cheng H,Lin T,Zhang G,et al.DDTs and HCHs in sediment cores from the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chemosphere,2014,94:183-189
- [22]Yang R Q,Xie T,Li A,et al.Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in remote lakes across the Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,214:1-7
- [23]Shi Y L,Pan Y Y,Yang R Q,et al.Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in fish from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Environment International,2010,36(1):46-50
- [24]Yang R Q,Wang Y W,Li A,et al.Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in fish from lakes of the Tibetan Plateau and the implications[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(6):2310-2316
- [25]Daly G L,Wania F.Organic contaminants in mountains[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(2):385-398
- [26]Liu X,Chen B.Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades[J].International Journal of Climatology,2000,20(14):1729-1742
- [27]Yang K,Wu H,Qin J,et al.Recent climate changes over the Tibetan Plateau and their impacts on energy and water cycle:A review[J].Global and Planetary Change,2014,112:79-91
- [28]Mackay D.Finding fugacity feasible[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1979,13(10):1218-1223
- [29]Mackay D.Multimedia Environmental Models:The Fugacity Approach[M].Second edition.Boca Raton,FL:Lewis Publishers,2001:1-183
- [30]曹红英,梁涛,陶澍.北京地区有机氯农药的跨界面迁移与归趋[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2004,12(3):249-258Cao H Y,Liang T,Tao S.Simulating the transfer flux and fate of organochlorine pesticide in Beijing[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2004,12(3):249-258(in Chinese)
- [31]Tao S,Cao H Y,Liu W,et al.Fate modeling of phenanthrene with regional variation in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(11):2453-2459
- [32]曹红英,龚钟明,曹军,等.估算天津环境中γ-HCH归宿的逸度模型[J].环境科学,2003,24(2):77-81Cao H Y,Gong Z M,Cao J,et al.Evaluating the fate ofγ-HCH using fugacity model in Tianjin environment[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(2):77-81(in Chinese)
- [33]高宏,董继元,吴军年.兰州地区HCHs的跨界面迁移与归趋[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(5):407-411Gao H,Dong J Y,Wu J N.Transfer and fate of HCHs in Lanzhou region[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(5):407-411(in Chinese)
- [34]Wania F,Mackay D.A global distribution model for persistent organic-chemicals[J].Science of the Total Environment,1995,160-161:211-232
- [35]王君波,朱立平,鞠建廷,等.西藏纳木错水深分布及现代湖沼学特征初步分析[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(1):128-134Wang J B,Zhu L P,Ju J T,et al.Bathymetric survey and modern limnological parameters of Nam Co,central Tibet[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2009,21(1):128-134(in Chinese)
- [36]朱立平,谢曼平,吴艳红.西藏纳木错1971~2004年湖泊面积变化及其原因的定量分析[J].科学通报,2010,55(18):1789-1798Zhu L P,Xie M P,Wu Y H.Quantitative analysis of lakearea variations and the influence factors from 1971 to2004 in the Nam Co Basin of the Tibetan Plateau.[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(18):1789-1798(in Chinese)
- [37]游庆龙,康世昌,李潮流,等.青藏高原纳木错气象要素变化特征[J].气象,2007,33(3):54-60You Q L,Kang S C,Li C L,et al.Variation features of meteorological elements at Namco station,Tibetan Plateau[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(3):54-60(in Chinese)
- [38]Zhou S Q,Kang S C,Chen F,et al.Water balance observations reveal significant subsurface water seepage from Lake Nam Co,south-central Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,491:89-99
- [39]Xu F L,Qin N,Zhu Y,et al.Multimedia fate modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Lake Small Baiyangdian,Northern China[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,252:246-257
- [40]Ren J,Wang X P,Wang C F,et al.Atmospheric processes of organic pollutants over a remote lake of the central Tibetan Plateau:Implications for regional cycling[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2017,17:1401-1415
- [41]Ren J,Wang X P,Wang C F,et al.Biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants along a high-altitude aquatic food chain in the Tibetan Plateau:Processes and mechanisms[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,220:636-643
- [42]Bogdal C,Schmid P,Zennegg M,et al.Blast from the past:Melting glaciers as a relevant source for persistent organic pollutants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(21):8173-8177
- [43]Schmid P,Bogdal C,Blüthgen N,et al.The missing piece:Sediment records in remote mountain lakes confirm glaciers being secondary sources of persistent organic pollutants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,45(1):203-208
- [44]陈德亮,徐柏青,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原环境变化科学评估:过去、现在与未来[J].科学通报,2015,60(32):3025-3035Chen D L,Xu B Q,Yao T D,et al.Assessment of past,present and future environmental changes on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(32):3025-3035(in Chinese)
- [45]Nellier Y M,Perga M E,Cottin N,et al.Mass budget in two high altitude lakes reveals their role as atmospheric PCB sinks[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,511:203-213
- [46]Li C L,Kang S C,Chen P F,et al.Characterizations of particle-bound trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)within Tibetan tents of south Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19(5):1620-1628
- [47]Scheringer M,Wegmann F,Fenner K,et al.Investigation of the cold condensation of persistent organic pollutants with a global multimedia fate model[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(9):1842-1850