张松林;吴丽华;

• 1:西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来,挥发性环甲基硅氧烷(cVMS)在生产和生活过程中的广泛使用导致其环境和人体暴露风险日益增加,由于其具有持久性、潜在的生物积累性和毒性而被受关注。目前,人们对cVMS在全球各种环境介质中的赋存、行为及效应有一定的了解。排入环境中的cVMS大部分进入大气,在水体、沉积物、土壤和生物体中也有一定的含量。研究表明,希腊室内空气降尘中总的环硅氧烷含量中位数最高(1 380 ng·g~(-1)),其次为中国(362 ng·g~(-1));中国污水处理厂总的硅氧烷年人均通量(10 g·y~(-1))低于英国(D4~D6 48.3 g·y~(-1))和美国(D4~D6 93.5 g·y~(-1)),其中大连市一家采用CWSBR工艺的污水处理厂进水中cVMS的总浓度(1.05μg·L~(-1))普遍低于希腊(5.14μg·L~(-1))、西班牙(9.2μg·L~(-1))、加拿大(44μg·L~(-1))和一些北欧国家(17μg·L~(-1));我国大部分废水处理厂污泥中甲基硅氧烷的含量(0.1~lμg·g~(-1)dw)比一些北欧国家(26μg·g~(-1)dw)、希腊(20μg·g~(-1)dw)和加拿大(64μg·g~(-1)dw)等要低得多。中国普通居民吸入+摄食D4~D6的PELs中位数(173 ng·d~(-1))远低于中国普通人群的皮肤暴露(中位数18.5μg·d~(-1)),更低于英国成人日暴露量(1.875 mg·d~(-1))和美国妇女对总硅氧烷的日暴露量(307 mg·d~(-1))。环境中cVMS的行为和效应取决于其理化性质和具体的环境条件。进入大气的cVMS会与·NO_3、O_3和·OH反应,而与·OH反应脱去甲基生成硅醇是其主要的消除机制。污水处理过程中,大部分cVMS被污泥吸附固定,D6吸附污泥的能力最强,其次为D5和D4。挥发、吸附和非生物降解是cVMS在土壤中主要的环境行为。D4和D5可能存在生物放大作用。评估cVMS的TMF(trophic magnification factor)研究结果相互矛盾,且与BCF、BMF和BSAF的评估结果相反。总之,国内外对污水处理过程中cVMS的赋存状态和迁移、转化行为的研究比较多,且以进、出水和剩余污泥为主,而对整个工艺流程中具体变化的细化研究很少,对其生物积累特征、降解机制和降解产物更缺乏深入研究。因此,今后需要补充对其他环境介质、尤其是和人们居住、工作密切相关环境中cVMS分布规律的研究,深入探索其在实际环境中的降解过程,包括其降解产物或中间产物的环境行为,进一步评估其生态环境效应和人类健康风险。

关键词(KeyWords)： 环甲基硅氧烷;环境分布;环境行为;环境效应

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51068025);; 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室开放课题基金(SZDKFJJ20150606)

作者(Author): 张松林;吴丽华;

Email:

DOI:

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