城市污水中典型卤代苯酚分布及其光降解行为研究Distribution and Photodegradation of Typical Halophenols in WWTP Effluents of Dalian
赵洪霞;孙世宾;姜菁秋;王运涛;
摘要(Abstract):
卤代苯酚(HPs)是一类广泛存在于水体中的污染物,其在污水处理厂出水中的存在及迁移转化会产生一定的健康和生态风险。探究卤代苯酚在环境中的转化行为非常重要。光降解反应是酚类物质在水体中迁移转化的重要途径,实际水体中的有机质等对卤代苯酚的光降解会产生一定的影响。对大连市区6家污水处理厂出水中卤代苯酚的污染状况进行了调查,结果显示在所有出水中总HPs的浓度范围为77.2~168.6 ng·L-1。在所有检出的卤代苯酚中,五氯酚和2,6-二氯酚浓度较高,且检出频率均为100%,检出浓度范围分别为10.8~166.7 ng·L-1和0.1~72.2 ng·L-1。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,选取2种氯酚和2种溴酚研究它们在污水样品与纯水中光降解行为,从卤原子取代的程度和种类两方面对不同卤代苯酚光降解的规律进行类比,分析了其光降解特性。此外,对比分析了不同污水厂出水的对同种卤代苯酚降解速率的影响,发现出水的p H值、溶解性有机质等因素,都可能影响卤代苯酚的光降解。
关键词(KeyWords): 卤代苯酚;污水处理厂;出水;光降解
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(No.21677023);; 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(哈尔滨工业大学,No.QAK201606)
作者(Author): 赵洪霞;孙世宾;姜菁秋;王运涛;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]Sim W J,Lee S H,Lee I S,et al.Distribution and formation of chlorophenols and bromophenols in marine and riverine environments[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(4):552-558
- [2]Pandiyan T,Rivas O M,MartíNez J O,et al.Comparison of methods for the photochemical degradation of chlorophenols[J].Journal of Photochemistry&Photobiology A Chemistry,2002,146(3):149-155
- [3]Li K,Li X M,Gloer J B,et al.Isolation,characterization,and antioxidant activity of bromophenols of the marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2011,59(18):9916-9921
- [4]董军,孙丽娜,陈若虹,等.珠江口地区表层水中氯酚化合物污染研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009(7):82-85Dong J,Sun L N,Chen R H,et al.Investigation of chlorophenols in surface water of Pearl River Estuary Area[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009(7):82-85(in Chinese)
- [5]Suzuki G,Takigami H,Watanabe M,et al.Identification of brominated and chlorinated phenols as potential thyroid-disrupting compounds in indoor dusts[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(5):1794-1800
- [6]Czaplicka M.Sources and transformations of chlorophenols in the natural environment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,322(1-3):21-39
- [7]Gutierrez M,Becerra J,Godoy J,et al.Occupational and environmental exposure to tribromophenol used for wood surface protection in sawmills[J].International Journal of Environmental Health Research,2005,15(3):171-179
- [8]Guo J Q,Wu C H,Lv S L,et al.Associations of prenatal exposure to five chlorophenols with adverse birth outcomes[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,214:478-484
- [9]Keith L H,Telliard W A.Priority pollutants:I.A perspective view[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1979,13(4):416-423
- [10]Wang K D,Chen P S,Huang S D.Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of chlorophenols in water with up-and-down shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2014,406(8):2123-2131
- [11]李健.浅谈城市污水处理的措施与途径[J].甘肃科技纵横,2011,40(1):77-78
- [12]Eggen R I,Hollender J,Joss A,et al.Reducing the discharge of micropollutants in the aquatic environment:The benefits of upgrading wastewater treatment plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(14):7683-7689
- [13]Padilla-sánchez J A,Plazabola1os P,Romerogonzález R,et al.Simultaneous analysis of chlorophenols,alkylphenols,nitrophenols and cresols in wastewater effluents,using solid phase extraction and further determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2011,85(5):2397-2404
- [14]Nomani A A,Ajmal M,Ahmad S.Gas chromatographymass spectrometric analysis of four polluted river waters for phenolic and organic compounds[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,1996,40(1):1-9
- [15]Czaplicka M.Photo-degradation of chlorophenols in the aqueous solution[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,134(1-3):45-59
- [16]Batoev V B,Matafonova G G,Filippova N I.Directphotolysis of chlorophenols in aqueous solutions by UV radiation from excilamps[J].Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry,2011,84(3):407-411
- [17]Jayaraman A,Mas S,Tauler R,et al.Study of the photodegradation of 2-bromophenol under UV and sunlight by spectroscopic,chromatographic and chemometric techniques[J].Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences,2012,910:138-148
- [18]赵洪霞,王燕丽,邓敏杰,等.水体中2,6-二溴酚光降解行为研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014(11):128-131Zhao H X,Wang Y L,Deng M J,et al.Photochemical reaction of 2,6-dibrophenol in aqueous solution[J].Environmenal Science and Technology,2014(11):128-131(in Chinese)
- [19]United States Environmental Protection Agency.National recommended water quality criteria[R].Washington DC:Office of Water and Office of Science and Technology,2009:1-4
- [20]国家环境保护总局.GB18918—2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002
- [21]Agus E,Lim M H,Zhang L,et al.Odorous compounds in municipal wastewater effluent and potable water reuse systems[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(21):9347-9355
- [22]Department of Health and Human Services,Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Toxicological profile for pentachlorophenol.Update[R].Atlanta:ATSDR,2001
- [23]Sage A G,Oliver T A,King G A,et al.UV photolysis of 4-iodo-,4-bromo-,and 4-chlorophenol:Competition between C-Y(Y=halogen)and O-H bond fission[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,2013,138(16):145-154
- [24]And P L M,Chin Y P.Indirect photolysis promoted by natural and engineered wetland water constituents:Processes leading to alachlor degradation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(12):4454-4462
- [25]Tratnyek P G,Holgne'J.Oxidation of substituted phenols in the environment:A QSAR analysis of rate constants for reaction with singlet oxygen[J].Environment Science&Technology,1991,25:1596-1604
- [26]Vione D,Maurino V,Minero C,et al.Formation of nitrophenols upon UV irradiation of phenol and nitrate in aqueous solutions and in Ti O2aqueous suspensions[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(2):237-248
- [27]Vione D.Photochemical Reactions in Sunlit Surface Waters:Influence of Water Parameters,and Implications for the Phototransformation of Xenobiotic Compounds[M]//Albini A,Fasani E.Photochemistry.2016:348-363
- [28]Guerard J J,Chin Y P,Mash H,et al.Photochemical fate of sulfadimethoxine in aquaculture waters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(22):8587-8592