张亚辉;曹莹;王一喆;刘征涛;

• 1:中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

氯酚类化合物是我国水体中广泛存在的一类优先控制污染物,以大型溞(Daphnia magna)为试验生物,测定了2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚对大型溞的48h致死的单一毒性和联合毒性。基于单一氯酚化合物的浓度-效应曲线,运用浓度加和(CA)与独立作用(IA)2个模型对2种等毒性浓度比的混合物(Mix-LC50和Mix-LC1)的联合毒性进行预测。通过氯酚混合物的观测数据的95%置信区间与CA和IA模型预测的浓度-效应曲线进行比较分析,结果表明,CA预测曲线与Mix-LC50和Mix-LC1这2种混合物的95%置信区间相近,而与IA的预测相差较大。以模型偏差率(MDR)表示CA或者IA预测效应浓度和观测值之间的偏差,在不同效应水平下CA对2种混合物的MDR值均小于1.5,说明CA能够预测3种氯酚化合物对大型溞的联合毒性。

关键词(KeyWords)： 联合毒性;氯酚;大型溞;浓度加和;独立作用

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX070526-003);; 环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201009026-04)

作者(Author): 张亚辉;曹莹;王一喆;刘征涛;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Faust M,Altenburger R,Backhaus T,et al.Predicting the joint algal toxicity of multi-component s-triazine mixtures at low-effect concentrations of individual toxicants[J].Aqua-tic Toxicology,2001,56(1):13-32
• [2]Zhang Y H,Liu S S,Song X Q,et al.Prediction for the mixture toxicity of six organophosphorus pesticides to the luminescent bac-terium Q67[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,71(3):880-888
• [3]莫凌云,刘海玲,刘树深,等.5种取代酚化合物对淡水发光菌的联合毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2006,1(3):259-264Mo L Y,Liu H L,Liu S S,et al.Joint toxicity of5substituted phenols to freshwater photobacteria[J].Asian Journal of Ecotox-icology,2006,1(3):259-264(in Chinese)
• [4]葛会林,刘树深,刘芳.多组分苯胺类混合物对发光菌的抑制毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2006,1(4):295-302Ge H L,Liu S S,Liu F.Inhibition toxicity of mixtures of substitu-ted anilines to photobacteria[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicolo-gy,2006,1(4):295-302(in Chinese)
• [5]Belden J B,Gilliom R J,Lydy M J.How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to aquatic life?[J].Integrated En-vironmental Assessment and Management,2007,3(3):364-372
• [6]Deneer J W.Toxicity of mixtures of pesticides in aquatic systems[J].Pest Management Science,2000,56(6):516-520
• [7]Berenbaum M C.The expected effect of a combination of agents:The general solution[J].Journal of Theoretical Bio-logy,1985,114(3):413-431
• [8]Hsieh S H,Tsai K P,Chen C Y.The combined toxic effects of nonpolar narcotic chemicals to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata[J].Water Research,2006,40(10):1957-1964
• [9]Backhaus T,Scholze M,Grimme L H.The single substance and mixture toxicity of quinolones to the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2000,49(1-2):49-61
• [10]Altenburger R,Backhaus T,Boedeker W,et al.Predictability of the toxicity of multiple chemical mixtures to Vibrio fischeri:Mix-tures composed of similarly acting chemicals[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(9):2341-2347
• [11]Olmstead A W,LeBlanc G A.Joint action of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:Predictive modeling of sublethal toxicity[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2005,75(3):253-262
• [12]Brian J V,Harris C A,Scholze M,et al.Accurate prediction of the response of freshwater fish to a mixture of estrogenic chemicals[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2005,113(6):721-728
• [13]Bliss C I.The toxicity of poisons applied jointly[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1939,26(3):585-615
• [14]Faust M,Altenburger R,Backhaus T,et al.Joint algal toxi-city of16dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2003,63(1):43-63
• [15]Walter H,Consolaro F,Gramatica P,et al.Mixture toxicity of priority pollutants at no observed effect concentrations(NOECs)[J].Ecotoxicology,2002,11(5):299-310
• [16]Backhaus T,Arrhenius,Blanck H.Toxicity of a mixture of dissimilarly acting substances to natural algal communities:Pre-dictive power and limitations of independent action and concen-tration addition[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(23):6363-6370
• [17]Backhaus T,Altenburger R,Boedeker W,et al.Predictability of the toxicity of a multiple mixture of dissimilarly acting chemicals to Vibrio fischeri[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(9):2348-2356
• [18]Czaplicka M.Sources and transformations of chlorophenols in the natural environment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,322(1-3):21-39
• [19]DavìM L,Gnudi F.Phenolic compounds in surface water[J].Water Research,1999,33(14):3213-3219
• [20]Wild S R,Harrad S J,Jones K C.Chlorophenols in digested U.K.sewage sludges[J].Water Research,1993,27(10):1527-1534
• [21]Gao J,Liu L,Liu X,et al.Levels and spatial distribution of chlorophenols-2,4-dichlorophenol,2,4,6-trichlorophenol,andpentachlorophenol in surface water of China[J].Chemosphere,2008,71(6):1181-1187
• [22]Ahlborg U G,Thunberg T M,Spencer H C.Chlorinated phe-nols:Occurrence,toxicity,metabolism,and environmental im-pact[J].CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology,1980,7(1):1-35
• [23]Chen J,Jiang J,Zhang F,et al.Cytotoxic effects of environmen-tally relevant chlorophenols on L929cells and their mechanisms[J].Cell Biology and Toxicology,2004,20(3):183-196
• [24]周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.中国水中优先控制污染物黑名单的确定[J].环境科学研究,1991,4(6):9-12Zhou W M,Fu D Q,Sun Z G.Determination of black list of Chi-na’s priority pollutants in water[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1991,4(6):9-12(in Chinese)
• [25]Sanchez M,Ferrando M,Sancho E,et al.Assessment of the tox-icity of a pesticide with a two-generation reproduction test using Daphnia magna[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Pharmacology,Toxicology and Endocrinology,1999,124(3):247-252
• [26]Villarroel M J,Sancho E,Ferrando M D,et al.Acute,chronic and sublethal effects of the herbicide propanil on Daphnia magna[J].Chemosphere,2003,53(8):857-864
• [27]姚华珍,胡建华,刘维屏.新颖除草剂peng-3对大型蚤的急性毒性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):1117-1118Yao H Z,Hu J H,Liu W P.Study on acute toxicity effect of new herbicide Peng-3on Daphina magna[J].Journal of Anhui Agri-culture Science,2009,37(3):1117-1118(in Chinese)
• [28]朱祥伟,刘树深,葛会林,等.剂量-效应关系两种置信区间的比较[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(2):113-117Zhu X W,Liu S S,Ge H L,et al.Comparision between two con-fidence intervals of dose-response relationships[J].China Envi-ronmental Science,2009,29(2):113-117(in Chinese)
• [29]Zhang Y H,Liu S S,Liu H L,et al.Evaluation of the combined toxicity of15pesticides by uniform design[J].Pest Management Science,2010,66(8):879-887
• [30]Leblanc G,Hilgenberg B,Cochrane B.Relationships between the structures of chlorinated phenols,their toxicity,and their a-bility to induce glutathione S-transferase activity in Daphnia mag-na[J].Aquatic Toxicology,1988,12(2):147-155
• [31]Yen J,Lin K,Wang Y.Acute lethal toxicity of environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms[J].Ecotoxicology and Environ-mental Safety,2002,52(2):113-116
• [32]金小伟,查金苗,许宜平,等.3种氯酚类化合物对河蚬的毒性和氧化应激[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(6):816-822Jin X W,Zha J M,Xu Y P,et al.Toxicity and oxidative stress of three chlorophenols to freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(6):816-822(in Chinese)
• [33]Cronin M T D,Zhao Y H,Yu R L.pH-dependence and QSAR analysis of the toxicity of phenols and anilines to Daphnia magna[J].Environmental Toxicology,2000,15(2):140-148
• [34]Yin D,Jin H,Yu L,et al.Deriving freshwater quality criteria for2,4-dichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,122(2):217-222
• [35]Yin D,Hu S,Jin H,et al.Deriving freshwater quality criteria for2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2003,52(1):67-73
• [36]Hermens J,Canton H,Steyger N,et al.Joint effects of a mix-ture of14chemicals on mortality an inhibition of reproduction of Daphnid magna[J].Aquatic Toxicology,1984,5(4):315-322
• [37]Calamari D,Vighi M.A proposal to define quality objectives for aquatic life for mixtures of chemical substances[J].Chemo-sphere,1992,25(4):531-542
• [38]Hermens J,Leeuwangh P,Musch A.Joint toxicity of mixtures of groups of organic aquatic pollutants to the guppy(Poecilia reticu-lata)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1985,9(3):321-326
• [39]Junghans M,Backhaus T,Faust M,et al.Application and vali-dation of approaches for the predictive hazard assessment of real-istic pesticide mixtures[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2006,76(2):93-110