李士杏;付登强;骆永明;

• 1:中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室
• 2:中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室
• 3:中国科学院研究生院

摘要(Abstract)：

微囊藻毒素(Microcystins,MCs)是富营养化水体中发生蓝藻水华时所产生的一类肝毒素,在环境中大量出现时将对生态系统带来冲击并可通过食物链进入人体进而危害人类健康.关于微囊藻毒素的环境行为和污染风险近年来已成为研究热点.论文基于地表物质循环原理,分析了水体中微囊藻毒素经土壤进入人体的途径,指出了土壤在微囊藻毒素迁移转化链条中的位置,概述了微囊藻毒素在土壤中的环境化学行为、农作物的吸收特性及其生态毒理效应等方面的研究进展,提出了在微囊藻毒素迁移转化过程中土壤的净化和传递两大功能,并在此基础上展望了今后的研究方向.

关键词(KeyWords)： 微囊藻毒素;土壤;沉积物;农作物

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): “十一五”水专项(No.2008ZX07101-006-05);; 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZCX2-YW-404);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(No.2002CB410810)

作者(Author): 李士杏;付登强;骆永明;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• Abe T,Lawson T,Weyers J D,Codd G A.1996.Microcystin-LR inhibits photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris primary leaves:implications for current spray irrigation practice[J].NewPhytologist,133(4):651-658
• Azevedo S M,Carmichael W W,Jochimsen E M,Rinehart K L,Lau S,Shaw G R,Eaglesham G K.2002.Human intoxication bymicrocystins during renal dialysis treatment in Caruaru-Brazil[J].Toxicology,181-182:441-446
• Bottcher G,Grutzmacher G,Chorus I.2003.Degradation ofmicrocystins:scaling up from test-tube to natural conditions.Geochemical processes in soil and groundwater:measurement,modelling,upscaling[C].GeoProc2002Conference,Bremen,Germany:524-538
• Chen G,Yu S Z,Wei G R,Chen G C,Xu X Y,Huang Y H.1996.Study on microcystin contents in different drinking waterin highly endemic area of liver cancer[J].Chinese Journal ofPreventive Medicine,30(1):6-9(in Chinese)
• Chen J Z,Song L R,Dai J,Gan N Q,Liu Z L.2004.Effectsof microcystins on the growth and the activity of superoxidedismutase and peroxidase of rape(Brassica napus L.)and rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Toxicon,43(4):393-400
• Chen W,Li L,Gan N Q,Song L R.2006a.Optimization ofan effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystinsin soils and lake sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,143(2):241-246
• Chen W,Song L R,Gan N Q,Li L.2006b.Sorption,degradation and mobility of microcystins in Chinese agriculturesoils:risk assessment for groundwater protection[J].EnvironmentalPollution,144(3):752-758
• Chorus I.2001.Cyanotoxin occurence in freshwaters—a summaryof survey from different countries[A]//Chorus I.Cyanotoxins—Occurence,Causes,Consequences[C].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,75-82
• Codd G A,Metcalf J S,Beattie K A.1999.Retention ofmicrocystin aeruginosa and microcystin by salad lettuce(Lactucasativa)after spray irrigation with water contain cyanobacteria[J].Toxicon,37(8):1181-1185
• Crush J R,Briggs L R,Sprosen J M,Nichols S N.2008.Effect of irrigation with lake water containing microcystins onmicrocystin content and growth of ryegrass,clover,rape,andlettuce[J].Environmental Toxicology,23(2):246-252
• Dillon P J,Miller M,Fallowfield H,Hutson J.2002.Thepotential of riverbank filtration for drinking water supplies inrelation to microsystin removal in brackish aquifers[J].Journalof Hydrology,266(3-4):209-221
• Eynard F,Mez K,Walther J L.2000.Risk of cyanobacterialtoxins in Riga waters(Latvia)[J].Water Research,34(11):2979-2988
• Gehringer M M,Kewada V,Coates N,Downing T G.2003.The use of Lepidium sativum in a plant bioassay system for thedetection of microcystin-LR[J].Toxicon,41(7):871-876
• Graham J L,Jones J R,Jones S B,Downing J A,Clevenger TE.2004.Environmental factors influencing microcystin distributionand concentration in the Midwestern United States[J].WaterResearch,38(20):4395-4404
• Harada K.1999.Recent advances of toxic cyanobacteria research[J].Journal of Health Science,45(3):150-165
• JrvenpS,Lundberg-NiinistC,Spoof L,Sjvall O,Tyystjrvi E,Meriluoto J.2007.Effects of microcystins onbroccoli and mustard,and analysis of accumulated toxin by liquidchromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Toxicon,49(6):865-874
• Jones G J,Orr P T.1994.Release and degradation of microcystinfollowing algicide treatment of a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom ina recreational lake,as determined by HPLC and protein phosphataseinhibition assay[J].Water Research,28(4):871-876
• Kós P,GorzóG,Surányi G,Borbély G.1995.Simple anefficient method for isolation and measurement of cyanobacteriahepatotoxins by plant tests(Sinapis alba L.)[J].AnalyticaBiochemistry,225(1):49-53
• Kurki-Helasmo K,Meriluoto J.1998.Microcystin uptake inhibitsgrowth and protein phosphatase activity in mustard(Sinapis albaL.)seedlings[J].Toxicon,36(12):1921-1926
• Lahti K,Kilponen J,Kivimaki A L,Erkomaa K.1996.Removalof cyanobacteria and their hepatotoxins from raw water in soiland sediment columns.Artificial Recharge of Groundwater NHO-Report No38[C].Proceedings of an International Symposium,Helsinki,Finland:187-195
• Liu B B.2006.Studies on the Detection and EnvironmentalBehavior of Microcystins in Water,Sediment and Cropland[D].Wuhan:Institute of Hydrobiology of Chinese Academy Sciences,65-67(in Chinese)
• Liu B B,Gong Y,Xiao B D,Liu J T,Liu Y D.2008a.Alaboratory study on risk assessment of microcystin-RR in cropland[J].Journal of Environmental Management,86(3):566-574
• Liu G L,Qian Y,Dai S G,Feng N.2008b.Adsorption ofmicrocystin LR and LW on suspended particulate matter(SPM)atdifferent pH[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,192(1-4):67-76
• MacKintosh C,Beattie K A,Klumpp S,Cohen P,Codd G A.1990.Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specificinhibitor of protein phosphatases1and2A from both mammalsand higher plants[J].FEBS Letters,264(2):187-192
• McElhiney J,Lawton L A,Leifert C.2001.Investigations intothe inhibitory effects of microcystins on plant growth,and thetoxicity of plant tissues following exposure[J].Toxicon,39(9):1411-1420
• Miller M J,Critchley M M,Hutson J,Fallowfield H J.2001.The adsorption of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins from water onto soilduring batch experiments[J].Water Research,35(6):1461-1468
• Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic ofChina.2005.GB5084-2005Standards for Irrigation WaterQuality[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China(in Chinese)
• Mohamed Z A,El-Sharouny H M,Ali W S.2007.Microcystinconcentrations in the Nile River sediments and removal ofmicrocystin-LR by sediments during batch experiments[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,52(4):489-495
• Morris R J,Williams D E,Luu H A,Holmes C F B,AndersenR J,Calvert S E.2000.The adsorption of microcystin-LR bynatural clay particles[J].Toxicon,38(2):303-308
• Nishiwaki-Matsushima R,Ohta T,Nishiwaki S,Suganuma M,Kohyama K,Ishikawa T,Carmichael WW,Fujiki H.1992.Livertumor promotion by the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxinmicrocystin-LR[J].Journal of Cancer Research and ClinicalOncology,118(6):420-424
• Pavel B,JiríK,Luděk B,Ondrej A,Blahoslav M.2006.Evaluation of extraction approaches linked to ELISA and HPLCfor analyses of microcystin-LR,-RR and-YR in freshwatersediments with different organic material contents[J].Analyticaland Bioanalytical Chemistry,385(8):1545-1551
• Peuthert A,Chakrabarti S,Pflugmacher S.2007.Uptake ofmicrocystins-LR and-LF(cyanobacterial toxins)in seedlings ofseveral important agricultural plant species and the correlationwith cellular damage(lipid peroxidation)[J].EnvironmentalToxicology,22(4):436-442
• Pflugmacher S,Aulhorn M,Grimm B.2007a.Influence of acyanobacterial crude extract containing microcystin-LR on thephysiology and antioxidative defence systems of different spinachvariants[J].New Phytologist,175(3):482-489
• Pflugmacher S,Hofmann J,Hübner B.2007b.Effects on growthand physiological parameters in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grown in soil and irrigated with cyanobacterial toxin contaminatedwater[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,26(12):2710-2716
• Rapala J,Sivonen K,Lyra C,Niemela S I.1997.Variation ofmicrocystins,cyanobacterial hepatotoxins,in Anabaena spp.as afunction of growth stimuli[J].Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology,63(6):2206-2212
• Rivasseau C,Martins S,Hennion M C.1998.Determination ofsome physicochemical parameters of microcystins(cyanobacterialtoxins)and trace level analysis in environmental samples usingliquid chromatography[J].Journal of Chromatography.A,799(1-2):155-169
• Tsuji K,Masui H,Uemura H,Mori Y,Harada K I.200Analysis of microcystins in sediments using MMPB method[JToxicon,39(5):687-692
• Wu W L,Lin Y X,Liu L P,Zhou Y G,Zhang X M.1997.Research of toxin of main algaes in the Dian Chi Lake[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,16(2):26-29(in Chinese)
• Xu C,Shu W Q,Cao J,Wang Y,Shi W.2005.Study onpollution status of microcystins in water bodies of water supplysystem of Chongqing City and the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].China Public Health,21(9):1051-1052(in Chinese)
• Xu C,Shu W Q,Cao J.2007.Microcystin contamination inaquatic environment and health hazard study in China[J].Carcinogenesis,Teratogenesis&Mutagenesis,19(3):202-205(in Chinese)
• Yan H,Li X L,Sun J X.2004.Adsorption of microcystins byclays and carbon nanotubes[J].Environmental Science,25(S1):92-94(in Chinese)
• Yang H,Xie P,Xu J,Zheng L,Deng D,Zhou Q,Wu S.2006.Seasonal variation of microcystin concentration in LakeChaohu,a shallow subtropical lake in the People’s Republic ofChina[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination andToxicology,77(3):367-374
• Yu S Z,Zhao N,Zi X L,Chen G,Dong C H,Lian M,LiuY,Mu L N.2001.The relationship between cyanotoxin(microcystin,MC)in pond ditch water and primary liver cancerin China[J].Chinese Journal of Oncology,23(2):96-99(inChinese)
• Zhang W H,Song L R,Xu X Q,Liu Y D,Zhang X H.2004.Primary research of the microcystins fate in natural aquaticsystem[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,13(1):84-88(in Chinese)
• Zhang W H,Zhang X H,Zhang G M,Xu X Q.2003.Variation of microcystins in a lake for water supply[J].Journalof Environmental Science and Health.Part A,Toxic/HazardousSubstances&Environmental Engineering,38(12):2857-2865
• Zhang Z Y,Lian M,Liu Y,Wei G R,Yu S Z,Zhang Y C,Chen C W,Kang S Y.2002.Teratosis and damage of viscerainduced by microcystin in SD rat fetuses[J].National MedicalJournal of China,82(5):345-347(in Chinese)
• Zhao Y,Yang Z P,Wang Z Q,Xie C P,Fan Q,Wang W,Huang X M,Wang Y.2003.Toxicity of algae in water ofChaohu Lake and its influence on drinking water quality[J].Journal and Environment and Health,20(4):219-222(in Chinese)
• Zhou W P,Yu Y S,Xu Z J,Sui G R,Wu X C.1988.Astudy on the fertile efficiency on rice using water blooms ofblue-green algae as manure[J].Oceanologia et LimnologiaSinica,19(2):125-132(in Chinese)
• 陈刚,俞顺章,卫国荣,陈公超,徐小英,黄裕华.1996.肝癌高发区不同饮用水类型中微囊藻毒素含量调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,30(1):6-9
• 国家环境保护总局.2005.GB5084-2005农田灌溉水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社
• 刘碧波.2006.微囊藻毒素的检测及其在水、沉积物和农田中的环境行为研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院水生生物研究所,65-67
• 吴为梁,林毅雄,刘丽萍,周跃光,张秀敏.1997.滇池水体中主要藻种毒素研究[J].云南环境科学,16(2):26-29
• 许川,舒为群,曹佳,汪洋,施玮.2005.重庆市及三峡库区水体微囊藻毒素污染研究[J].中国公共卫生,21(9):1051-1052
• 许川,舒为群,曹佳.2007.我国水环境微囊藻毒素污染及其健康危害研究[J].癌变·畸变·突变,19(3):202-205
• 闫海,李贤良,孙建新.2004.粘土矿物和碳纳米管对微囊藻毒素的吸附[J].环境科学,25(S1):92-94
• 俞顺章,赵宁,资小林,陈刚,董传辉,连民,刘颖,穆丽娜.2001.饮用水中微囊藻毒素与我国原发性肝癌关系的研究[J].中华肿瘤杂志,23(2):96-99
• 张维昊,宋立荣,徐小清,刘永定,张锡辉.2004.天然水体中微囊藻毒素归宿的初步研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,13(1):84-88
• 张占英,连民,刘颖,卫国荣,俞顺章,张幼辰,陈传炜,康苏亚.2002.微囊藻毒素LR对胎鼠的致畸和损伤作用[J].中华医学杂志,82(5):345-347
• 赵影,杨志平,王志强,谢春萍,范琼,王维,黄晓沐,王勇.2003.巢湖水藻类毒性及对饮用水水质影响[J].环境与健康杂志,20(4):219-222
• 周万平,余源盛,徐志俊,隋桂荣,吴先成.1988.蓝藻湖靛对水稻肥效的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,19(2):125-132