何春明;那广水;陆紫皓;高会;葛林科;张琳晓;李瑞婧;李军;姚瑶;

• 1:上海海洋大学海洋科学学院
• 2:国家海洋环境监测中心国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室
• 3:大连工业大学生物工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了揭示海陆衔接区环境中抗生素与抗性细菌分布特征及其内在相关性,以莱州湾及其主要入海河流为研究区域,利用HPLC-MS/MS分析样品中15种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)和6种喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的浓度,并通过改良的Method 1604(US EPA)评估海水与沉积物中2种典型水传病原微生物大肠杆菌(E.coli)与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗生素抗性水平,进而探讨该区域水体中抗性菌株的分布特点以及微生物抗性率与相应抗生素浓度的相关性。结果显示,莱州湾水体与沉积物中普遍存在磺胺与喹诺酮类抗生素残留及抗性污染问题。两大类抗生素在水体中平均残留浓度分别为3.89 ng·L~(-1)(SAs)和234.68ng·L~(-1)(QNs),在沉积物中分别为0.91 ng·g~(-1)(SAs)和49.37 ng·g~(-1)(QNs),且分布特征基本呈现自河流向海洋逐渐递减的趋势,说明河流输入是莱州湾抗生素污染的主要来源。在水体中,具有磺胺类抗性的E.coli和S.aureus平均检出量分别达到2 018和4 683 CFU·L~(-1),抗性率范围分别在0%~37.3%和10.6%~45.8%之间;而2种喹诺酮类抗性病原微生物的平均检出量则相对较低,分别为1 315 CFU·L~(-1)(E.coli)和1 461 CFU·L~(-1)(S.aureus),抗性率分别为0%~50.0%和0%~20.8%;此外,相比于E.coli,S.aureus为沉积物中的主要抗性病原微生物,磺胺与喹诺酮类抗性S.aureus检出率均高于80%,平均检出量分别为24CFU·g~(-1)和18 CFU·g~(-1)。相关性分析表明,莱州湾近岸海域水体中磺胺类抗生素浓度与磺胺类抗性微生物总量之间具有良好的线性关系,然而其与微生物抗性率之间并未表现出相似的规律,说明近岸海洋环境中抗生素的残留量不是影响抗性菌株丰度的唯一因素。

关键词(KeyWords)： 磺胺;喹诺酮;抗生素抗性菌株;莱州湾;相关性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(No.41406088,No.21377032);; 国家海洋局海洋公益性科研专项(No.201105013)

作者(Author): 何春明;那广水;陆紫皓;高会;葛林科;张琳晓;李瑞婧;李军;姚瑶;

Email:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]World Health Organization.Antimicrobial resistance:Global report on surveillance[R].World Health Organization,2014
• [2]Jiang Y H,Li M X,Guo C S,et al.Distribution and eco-logical risk of antibiotics in a typical effluent–receiving river(Wangyang River)in North China[J].Chemosphere,2014,112:267-274
• [3]Novo A,AndréS,Viana P,et al.Antibiotic resistance,antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater[J].Water Research,2013,47(5):1875-1887
• [4]Carlos N,Ivone V M,Célia M M.Genotypic diversity and antibiotic resistance in Sphingomonadaceae isolated from hospital tap water[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,466-467:127-135
• [5]Dunlop P S M,Ciavola M,Rizzo L,et al.Effect of photocatalysis on the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in urban wastewater[J].Catalysis Today,2015,240:55-60
• [6]Luo Y,Mao D Q,Rysz M,et al.Trends in antibiotic resistance genes occurrence in the Haihe River,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(19):7220-7225
• [7]Na G S,Fang X D,Cai Y Q,et al.Occurrence,distribution,and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in coastal environment of Dalian,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,69(1):233-237
• [8]Luo Y,Xu L,Rysz M,et al.Occurrence and transport of tetracycline,sulfonamide,quinolone,and macrolide antibiotics in the Haihe River Basin,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(5):1827-1833
• [9]Jiang L,Hu X L,Yin D Q,et al.Occurrence,distribution and seasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River,Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(6):822-828
• [10]US EPA.821-R-02-024 2002.Total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water by membrane filtration using a simultaneous detection technique[S].Washington DC:US EPA,2002
• [11]Na G S,Gu J,Ge L K,et al.Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2011,29:1093-1102
• [12]Na G S,Zhang W R,Zhou S Y,et al.Sulfonamide antibiotics in the Northern Yellow Sea are related to resistant bacteria:Implications for antibiotic resistance genes[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,84:70-75
• [13]秦延文,张雷,时瑶,等.大辽河表层水体典型抗生素污染特征与生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):361-368Qin Y W,Zhang L,Shi Y,et al.Contamination characteristics and ecological risk assessment of typical antibiotics in surface water of the Daliao River,China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(3):361-368(in Chinese)
• [14]Yang S,Carlson K H.Solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spetrometry for analysis of trace concentrations of macrolide antibiotics in natural and wastewater matrices[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2004,1038:141-155
• [15]Zhang R J,Zhang G,Zheng Q,et al.Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in the Laizhou Bay,China:Impacts of river discharge[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,80:208-215
• [16]Zou S C,Xu W H,Zhang R J,et al.Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in coastal water of the Bohai Bay,China:Impacts of river discharge and aquaculture activities[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2913-2920
• [17]Li W H,Shi Y L,Gao L H,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in water,sediments,aquatic plants,and animals from Baiyangdian Lake in North China[J].Chemosphere,2012,89(11):1307-1315
• [18]张波,刘玉华.某院2007至2009年度喹诺酮类抗菌药物使用分析[J].中国医药指南,2010,8(26):112-113
• [19]施嘉琛,胡建英,常红,等.北京温榆河流域耐药大肠杆菌的调查研究[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(1):39-42Shi J C,Hu J Y,Chang H,et al.Investigation on the antibiotic-resistance E.coli in Wenyu River in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(1):39-42(in Chinese)
• [20]Watkinson A J,Micalizzi G R,Bates J R,et al.Novel method for rapid assessment of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from environmental waters by use of a modified chromogenic agar[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(7):2224-2229
• [21]Gao P P,Mao D Q,Luo Y,et al.Occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture environment[J].Water Research,2012,46(7):2355-2364
• [22]欧丹云,陈彬,陈灿祥,等.九龙江下游河口水域抗生素及抗性细菌分布[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2243-2250Ou D Y,Chen B,Chen C X,et al.Distribution of antibiotics residue and resistant bacteria in the downstream and estuarine area in Jiulong River[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(12):2243-2250(in Chinese)
• [23]Jiang L,Hu X L,Xu T,et al.Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and their relationship with antibiotics in the Huangpu River and the drinking water sources,Shanghai,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,458:267-272
• [24]Pouliquen H,Delépée R,Larhantec-Verdier M,et al.Comparative hydrolysis and photolysis of four antibacterial agents(oxytetracycline oxolinic acid,flumequine and florfenicol)in deionised water,freshwater and seawater under abiotic conditions[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(1):23-28◆