孙文文;周林;韩文亮;冯加良;于志强;傅家谟;

• 1:上海大学环境与化学工程学院
• 2:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
• 3:华侨大学化学工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

电子垃圾拆解会导致有毒有害污染物向大气的排放,造成环境污染的产生。为了解电子垃圾拆解及废旧金属再生活动对拆解地及邻近地区空气质量的影响,对台州峰江金属再生园区附近及对照区路桥市区大气中(气态和颗粒态)氯代二噁英(PCDD/Fs)、溴代二噁英(PBDD/Fs)的含量、同系物组成及气/固分配规律进行了研究,通过相关性分析探讨了PCDD/Fs和PBDD/Fs的可能来源。结果显示,金属再生园区冬季采样期间17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs和8种2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs的平均浓度分别为212.2 pg·m-3和17.6 pg·m-3,夏季采样期间的平均浓度分别为84.5 pg·m-3和5.4 pg·m-3,均显著高于对照点。夏季采样期间对照点处于再生园区的下风向,其二噁英浓度高于冬季,说明其受到了金属再生园区的明显影响。基于相关性分析的结果,塑料焚烧是金属再生活动中氯代和溴代二噁英的主要来源。初步的暴露风险评价表明,金属再生园区附近居民每日摄入的二噁英含量远远超过世界卫生组织规定的人体每日耐受量(1~4 pg W-TEQ·kg-1·d-1)。上述研究结果为规范电子垃圾拆解活动提供了基础数据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 氯代二噁英;溴代二噁英;电子垃圾拆解;台州

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(40775084,20877052,41173097)

作者(Author): 孙文文;周林;韩文亮;冯加良;于志强;傅家谟;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Zheng G J,Leung A O W,Jiao L P,et al.Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans pol ution in China:Sources,environmental levels and potential human health impacts[J].Environment International,2008,34(7):1050-1061
• [2]杨志军,倪余文,张智平,等.不同垃圾焚烧炉产生的PCDD/Fs和PCBs同类物的分布[J].环境化学,2005,24(1):63-67Yang Z J,Ni Y E,Zhang Z P,et al.Patterns of PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners formed from different types of municipal waste incinerators[J].Environmental Chemistry,2005,24(1):63-67(in Chinese)
• [3]Tung J W T,Yu J Z,Lau A K H,et al.Abundance and sources of ambient dioxins in Hong Kong:A review of dioxin measurements from 1997 to 2001[J].Chemosphere,2005,59(10):1387-1398
• [4]Drage D S,Aries E,Harrad S.Studies into the formation of PBDEs and PBDD/Fs in the iron ore sintering process[J].Science of the Total Enviroment,2014,485:497-507
• [5]Zennegg M,Schluep M,Streicher-Porte M,et al.Formation of PBDD/F from PBDE in electronic waste in recycling processes and under simulated extruding conditions[J].Chemosphere,2014,116:34-39
• [6]Wang M,Liu G R,Jiang X X,et al.Brominated dioxin and furan stack gas emissions during different stages of the secondary copper smelting process[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2015,6(3):464-468
• [7]Ren M,Peng P A,Chen D Y,et al.PBDD/F impurities in some commercial Deca-BDE[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(5):1375-1380
• [8]Sindiku O,Babayemi J O,Tysklind M.Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs)in ewaste plastic in Nigeria[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(19):14515-14529
• [9]Xu P,Lou X,Ding G,et al.Association of PCB,PBDE and PCDD/F body burdens with hormone levels for children in an e-waste dismantling area of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,499c:55-61
• [10]Li Y M,Jiang G B,Wang Y W,et al.Concentrations,profiles and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in the ambient air of an e-waste dismantling area,southeast China[J].Chinese Science Bul etin,2008,53(4):521-528
• [11]Zhang T,Huang Y R,Chen S J,et al.PCDD/Fs,PBDD/Fs,and PBDEs in the air of an e-waste recycling area(Taizhou)in China:Current levels,composition profiles,and potential cancer risks[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2012,14(12):3156-3163
• [12]Hayakawa K,Takatsuki H,Watanabe I,et al.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),polybrominated dibenzo-pdioxins/dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs)and monobromo-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans(Mo BPXDD/Fs)in the atmosphere and bulk deposition in Kyoto,Japan[J].Chemosphere,2004,57(4):343-356
• [13]Assuno J V,Pesquero C R,Bruns R E,et al.Dioxins and furans in the atmosphere of So Paulo City,Brazil[J].Chemospher,2005,58(10):1391-1398
• [14]Li H R,Feng J L,Sheng G Y,et al.The PCDD/F and PBDD/F pol ution in the ambient atmosphere of Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(4):576-583
• [15]Zhang X,Zhu Q Q,Dong S J,et al.Particle size distributions of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in ambient air in a suburban area in Beijing,China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15(5):1933-1943
• [16]Li H R,Yu L P,Sheng G Y,et al.Severe PCDD/F and PBDQ/F pol ution in air around an electronic waste dismantling area in China[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2007,41(16):5641-5646
• [17]Raun L H,Correa O,Rifai H,et al.Statistical investigation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air of Houston,Texas[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(7):973-989
• [18]Yu L P,Mai B X,Meng X Z,et al.Particle-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the atmosphere of Guangzhou,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(1):96-108
• [19]Kadowaki S,Naitoh H.Gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in Nagoya urban air,Japan[J].Chemosphere,2005,59(10):1439-1453
• [20]Chang M B,Chang S H,Chen Y W,et al.Dioxin emission factors for automobiles from tunnel air sampling in Northern Taiwan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,325(1-3):129-138
• [21]Goss K U,Schwarzenbach R P.Gas/solid and gas/liquid partitioning of organic compounds:Critical evaluation of the interpretation of equilibrium constants[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1998,32(14):2025-2032
• [22]肖潇,陈德翼,梅俊,等.贵屿某电子垃圾拆解点附近大气颗粒物中氯代/溴代二英、四溴双酚A污染水平研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(5):1142-1148Xiao X,Chen D Y,Mei J,et al.Particle-bound PCDD/Fs,PBDD/Fs and TBBPA in the atmosphere around an electronic waste dismantling site in Guiyu,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(5):1142-1148(in Chinese)
• [23]Han W L,Feng J L,Gu Z P,et al.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the atmosphere of Taizhou,a major ew aste dismantling area in China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,83(6):783-788
• [24]冯加良,赵伟,管晶晶,等.台州电子垃圾拆解区PM2.5中离子的组成及来源[J].环境化学,2011,30(3):693-697Feng J L,Zhao W,Guan J J,et al.Composition and sources of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 from the e-waste dismantling area of Taizhou[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(3):693-697(in Chinese)
• [25]Gu Z P,Feng J L,Han W L,et al.Characteristics of organic matter in PM2.5 from an e-waste dismantling area in Taizhou,China[J].Chemosphere,2010,80(7):800-806
• [26]Nouwen J,Cornelis C,De Fre R,et al.Health risk assessment of dioxin emissions from municipal waste incinerators:The Neerlandquarter(Wilrijk,Belgium)[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(4-7):909-923
• [27]World Health Organization(WHO).Assessment of the Health Risk of Dioxins:Re-evaluation of the Tolerable Daily Intake(TDI)[R].Geneva,Switzerland:European Center for Environment and Health,1998
• [28]Mato Y,Suzuki N,Katatani N,et al.Human intake of PCDDs,PCDFs,and dioxin like PCBs in Japan,2001 and2002[J].Chemosphere,2007,67(9):247-255