王彦华;俞卫华;杨立之;苍涛;俞瑞鲜;王强;赵学平;

• 1:浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室&省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地农业部农药残留检测重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

为评价农药对土壤动物的影响,采用滤纸法和人工土壤法测定了22种常用除草剂对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性。滤纸法染毒48h,特丁净、丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺、乙草胺和莎稗磷对蚯蚓为中等毒性,其LC50值为10.32(8.310～12.23)～34.69(29.16～43.99)μg·cm-2;其次为莠去津、苯磺隆、麦草畏和百草枯,其LC50值为102.5(66.57～138.7)～235.0(199.4～279.5)μg·cm-2,属低毒级;2,4-D钠盐、草铵膦、草甘膦和氰氟草酯对蚯蚓毒性更低,其LC50值为422.7(344.7～577.3)～601.4(451.3～957.4)μg·cm-2,属低毒级;精恶唑禾草灵、特丁津、甲磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、乙羧氟草醚、吡草醚和氟乐灵对蚯蚓的LC50值均大于1258μg·cm-2,属微毒级。人工土壤法染毒14d,特丁津对蚯蚓的毒性最高,其LC50值为74.15(49.35～92.28)mg·kg-1;麦草畏、百草枯、乙羧氟草醚、吡草醚和氟乐灵对蚯蚓的毒性最低,其LC50值均大于800mg·kg-1;其他16种除草剂对蚯蚓毒性相对较低,其LC50值为106.6(83.90～123.0)～516.2(367.4～1015)mg·kg-1。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》中的评价标准,本研究采用人工土壤法测定的22种除草剂对蚯蚓均为低毒级。研究表明,不同种类的除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性存在较大差异,且同一种类的不同除草剂品种对蚯蚓的毒性也存在较大差异;除草剂对蚯蚓的毒性与化学品的结构和测定方法有关,二苯醚类和二硝基苯胺类除草剂在2种测试系统中均表现出最低的急性毒性。

关键词(KeyWords)： 除草剂;农药;蚯蚓;陆生无脊椎动物;土壤污染

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 科技部国际合作项目(S2010GR0905);; 国家“863”计划项目(2011AA100806);; 浙江省农业科学院与中国科学院合作项目

作者(Author): 王彦华;俞卫华;杨立之;苍涛;俞瑞鲜;王强;赵学平;

Email:

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