22种常用除草剂对蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性Acute Toxicity of Twenty-Two Commonly Used Herbicides to Earthworm(Eisenia fetida)
王彦华;俞卫华;杨立之;苍涛;俞瑞鲜;王强;赵学平;
摘要(Abstract):
为评价农药对土壤动物的影响,采用滤纸法和人工土壤法测定了22种常用除草剂对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性。滤纸法染毒48h,特丁净、丙草胺、精异丙甲草胺、乙草胺和莎稗磷对蚯蚓为中等毒性,其LC50值为10.32(8.310~12.23)~34.69(29.16~43.99)μg·cm-2;其次为莠去津、苯磺隆、麦草畏和百草枯,其LC50值为102.5(66.57~138.7)~235.0(199.4~279.5)μg·cm-2,属低毒级;2,4-D钠盐、草铵膦、草甘膦和氰氟草酯对蚯蚓毒性更低,其LC50值为422.7(344.7~577.3)~601.4(451.3~957.4)μg·cm-2,属低毒级;精恶唑禾草灵、特丁津、甲磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、乙羧氟草醚、吡草醚和氟乐灵对蚯蚓的LC50值均大于1258μg·cm-2,属微毒级。人工土壤法染毒14d,特丁津对蚯蚓的毒性最高,其LC50值为74.15(49.35~92.28)mg·kg-1;麦草畏、百草枯、乙羧氟草醚、吡草醚和氟乐灵对蚯蚓的毒性最低,其LC50值均大于800mg·kg-1;其他16种除草剂对蚯蚓毒性相对较低,其LC50值为106.6(83.90~123.0)~516.2(367.4~1015)mg·kg-1。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》中的评价标准,本研究采用人工土壤法测定的22种除草剂对蚯蚓均为低毒级。研究表明,不同种类的除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性存在较大差异,且同一种类的不同除草剂品种对蚯蚓的毒性也存在较大差异;除草剂对蚯蚓的毒性与化学品的结构和测定方法有关,二苯醚类和二硝基苯胺类除草剂在2种测试系统中均表现出最低的急性毒性。
关键词(KeyWords): 除草剂;农药;蚯蚓;陆生无脊椎动物;土壤污染
基金项目(Foundation): 科技部国际合作项目(S2010GR0905);; 国家“863”计划项目(2011AA100806);; 浙江省农业科学院与中国科学院合作项目
作者(Author): 王彦华;俞卫华;杨立之;苍涛;俞瑞鲜;王强;赵学平;
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