应用物种敏感性分布评估重金属对海洋生物的生态风险Assessing Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals to Marine Organisms by Species Sensitivity Distributions
杜建国;赵佳懿;陈彬;陈明茹;周通;俞炜炜;马志远;胡文佳;
摘要(Abstract):
应用生态风险评价中的物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distributions,SSD)方法构建了8种常见重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Pb、Zn)对海洋生物的SSD曲线。在此基础上计算了8种重金属对海洋生物的5%危害浓度(HC5)及其不同暴露浓度对海洋生物的潜在影响比例(PAF),比较了海洋脊椎动物和无脊椎动物对8种重金属的敏感性以及不同重金属的急性生态风险。结果表明,重金属对甲壳类的生态风险均比鱼类大。8种重金属元素对所研究的海洋生物全部物种的HC5值的排序为Pb>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Hg>Cd>As。暴露浓度小于10μg·L-1时,Cr和Hg的生态风险差异不大。在10μg·L-1的暴露浓度下,As、Cd、Cu和Hg均使全部物种中超过10%的生物受到影响。随着浓度升高,不同重金属的生态风险有不同幅度的增大,当浓度达到1000μg·L-1时,分别有82.49%、87.31%和85.90%的物种受到As、Cu和Hg的损害。不同生物的敏感性顺序会随重金属的浓度范围发生变化。
关键词(KeyWords): 重金属;海洋生物;生态风险;物种敏感性分布
基金项目(Foundation): 国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金资助项目(2011143);; 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助(201105015);; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31101902);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2012J05074);; 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2011006)
作者(Author): 杜建国;赵佳懿;陈彬;陈明茹;周通;俞炜炜;马志远;胡文佳;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]胡建英,安伟,曹红斌,等.化学物质的风险评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:1-20
- [2]Kooijman S A L M.A safety factor for LC50values allowing for differences in sensitivity among species[J].Water Research,1987,21(3):269-276
- [3]Wheeler J R,Grist E P M,Leung K M Y,et al.Species sensitivity distributions:Data and model choice[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45(1-12):192-202
- [4]Duboudin C,Ciffroy P,Magaud H.Acute-to-chronic species sensitivity distribution extrapolation[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(7):1774-1785
- [5]Wang B,Yu G,Huang J,et al.Development of spe-cies sensitivity distributions and estimation of HC5of organochlorine pesticides with five statistical approa-ches[J].Ecotoxicology,2008,17(8):716-724
- [6]孔祥臻,何伟,秦宁,等.重金属对淡水生物生态风险的物种敏感性分布评估[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(9):1555-1562Kong X Z,He W,Qin N,et al.Assessing acute eco-logical risks of heavy metals to freshwater organisms by species sensitivity distributions[J].China Envi-ronmental Science,2011,31(9):1555-1562(in Chinese)
- [7]王印,王军军,秦宁,等.应用物种敏感性分布评估DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2407-2414Wang Y,Wang J J,Qin N,et al.Assessing ecological risks of DDT and lindane to freshwater organ ism s by species sensitivity distributions[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiate,2009,29(11):2407-2414(in Chinese)
- [8]刘良,颜小品,王印,等.应用物种敏感性分布评估多环芳烃对淡水生物的生态风险[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(5):647-654Liu L,Yan X P,Wang Y,et al.Assessing ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)to freshwater organisms by species sensitivity distribu-tions[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(5):647-654(in Chinese)
- [9]雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王子健.生态风险评价理论和方法[J].化学进展,2009,21(2):350-358Lei B L,Huang S B,Wang Z J.Theories and methods of ecological risk assessment[J].Progress in Chem-istry,2009,21(2):350-358(in Chinese)
- [10]蒋丹烈,胡霞林,尹大强.应用物种敏感性分布法对太湖沉积物中多环芳烃的生态风险分析[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(1):60-66Jiang D L,Hu X L,Yin D Q,et al.Ecological riskassessment on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of sediment in taihu Lake using species sensitivity distri-butions[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(1):60-66(in Chinese)
- [11]胡习邦,王俊能,许振成,等.应用物种敏感性分布评估DEHP对区域水生生态风险[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1082-1087Hu X B,Wang J N,Xu Z C,et al.Assessing aquatic ecological risk of DEHP by species sensitivity distri-butions[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,2012,21(6):1082-1087(in Chinese)
- [12]蒋丹烈,岳龙,马迪,等.应用物种敏感性分布法分析太湖及天目湖水体的生态风险[J].环境化学,2012,31(3):296-301Jiang D L,Yue L,Ma D,et al.Ecological risk as-sessment of water in Taihu Lake and Tianmu Lake u-sing species sensitivity distribution model[J].Envi-ronmental Chemistry,2012,31(3):296-301(in Chinese)
- [13]Laws E A著,于刚等译.水污染导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:231-252
- [14]曲传宇.呻吟的家园:海洋污染[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007:66-71
- [15]中华人民共和国国家海洋局.2008年中国海洋环境质量公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国国家海洋局,2009
- [16]中华人民共和国国家海洋局.2009年中国海洋环境质量公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国国家海洋局,2010
- [17]中华人民共和国国家海洋局.2010年中国海洋环境质量公报[R].北京:中华人民共和国国家海洋局,2011
- [18]Posthuma L,Traas T P,Suter G W.General intro-duction to species sensitivity distributions[M]//Posthuma L,Traas T P,Suter G W.Species Sensi-tivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology.Boca Raton,FL,USA:Lewis,2002:3-9
- [19]Maltby L,Brock T C M,Vanden Brink P J.Fungi-cide risk assessment for aquatic ecosystems:Impor-tance of inter specific variation,toxic mode of action,and exposure regime[J].Environmental Science&Technology,43(19):7556-7563
- [20]Van Straalen N M.Theory of ecological risk assess-ment based on species sensitivity distributions[M]//Posthuma L,Traas T P,Suter G W.Species Sensi-tivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology[M].Boca Ra-ton,FL,USA:Lewis,2002:37-48
- [21]Van Straalen N M.Threshold models for species sen-sitivity distributions applied to aquatic risk assess-ment for zinc[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2002,11(3-4):167-172
- [22]Newman M C,Ownby D R,Mézin L C A,et al.Ap-plying species sensitivity distributions in ecological risk assessment:Assumptions of distribution type and sufficient numbers of species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(2):508-515
- [23]Hose G C,Van den Brink P J.Confirming the spe-cies-sensitivity distribution concept for endosulfan using laboratory,mesocosm,and field data[J].Ar-chives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicolo-gy,2004,47(4):511-520
- [24]Van den Brink P J,Posthuma L,Brock T C M.The value of the species sensitivity distribution concept for predicting field effects:(Non-)confirmation of theconcept using semi-field experiments[M]//Post-huma L,Trass T P,Suter G W.Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology.Boca Raton,FL,USA:Lewis,2002:155-193
- [25]CSIRO(Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and In-dustrial-Research Organisation).A flexible ap-proach to species protection[EB/OL].(2002-11-07)[2012-03-09].http://www.cmis.csiro.au/envir/burrlioz/.2008.
- [26]US EPA.Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment(EPA/630/R-95/002F)[S].Washington D C:Of-fice of Research and Development,US EPA,1985