雷炳莉;许洁;孙延枫;于志强;王艺陪;曾祥英;

• 1:上海大学环境与化学工程学院环境污染与健康研究所
• 2:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

预测无效应浓度(PNEC)是进行风险污染物水生态安全管理的重要依据。本研究进行了3种典型化合物五氯酚、硝基苯和氯化镉对10种我国不同营养级水生生物的24 h、48 h和96 h的急性毒性测试,根据实验结果计算了相应的急性PNEC,同时与根据美国环境保护局毒性数据库里的毒性数据计算获得的急性PNEC值,以及综合本实验结果与毒性数据库里的数据计算得到的急性PNEC值进行对比,发现通过3种数据来源获得的急性PNEC值中,硝基苯的PNEC值差异较大,由本次实验结果获得的急性PNEC值最小;其他2种化合物差异较小。这可能是由于本次实验所选的本土生物中华田螺和麦穗鱼对硝基苯比较敏感,并且数据库中硝基苯的急性致死数据较少、毒性值较大且变化范围较窄,而其他2种化合物数据量较为丰富,变化范围较宽,包括了较敏感物种的毒性数据。这表明为给我国水生生物提供一个安全可靠的保护,对于数据量较为丰富并且毒性值变化较宽的化合物(如五氯酚和氯化镉)可以直接根据数据库里的毒性数据进行PNEC值的计算;而对于毒性数据量较少、毒性值偏大且变化较窄的化合物(如硝基苯)需要进行本土敏感物种的毒性测试。

关键词(KeyWords)： 硝基苯;五氯酚;氯化镉;本土物种;急性毒性;急性生态效应阈值;PNEC

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 高校青年骨干教师国内访问学者计划(60C11113001);; 创新团队发展计划(IRT 13078)

作者(Author): 雷炳莉;许洁;孙延枫;于志强;王艺陪;曾祥英;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Lei B L,Huang S B,Jin X W,et al.Deriving the aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations(PNECs)of three chlorophenols for the Taihu Lake,China[J].Journal of Environment Science Health A,2010,45:1823-1831
• [2]Lei B L,Liu Q,Sun Y F,et al.Water quality criteria for 4-nonylphenol in protection of aquatic life[J].Science China:Earth Science,2012,55(6):892-899
• [3]Wu F C,Mu Y S,Chang H,et al.Predicting water quality criteria for protecting aquatic life from physicochemical properties of metals or metalloids[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47:446-453
• [4]Wu F C,Feng C L,Zhang R Q,et al.Derivation of water quality criteria for representative water-body pollutants in China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(6):900-906
• [5]Feng C L,Wu F C,Mu Y S,et al.Interspecies correlation estimation-Applications in water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47:11382-11383
• [6]金小伟,王业耀,王子健.淡水水生态基准方法学研究:数据筛选与模型计算[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(1):1-13Jin X W,Wang Y Y,Wang Z J.Methodologies for deriving aquatic life criteria(ALC):Data screening and model calculation[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(1):1-13(in Chinese)
• [7]Feng C L,Wu F C,Dyer S D,et al.Derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:1177-1183
• [8]雷炳莉,金小伟,黄圣彪,等.太湖流域3种氯酚类化合物水质基准的探讨[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(1):40-49Lei B L,Jin X W,Huang S B,et al.Discussion of quality criteria for three chlorophenols in Taihu Lake[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(1):40-49(in Chinese)
• [9]Jin X W,Wang Y Y,Jin W,et al.Ecological risk of nonylphenol in China surface waters based on reproductive fitness[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48:1256-1262
• [10]雷炳莉,孙延枫,刘倩,等.风险污染物短期高剂量暴露下的生态风险评估方法[J].环境科学,2011,32:3240-3246Lei B L,Sun Y F,Liu Q,et al.Method of ecological risk assessment for risk pollutants under short-term and high dose exposure in water pollution accident[J].Environment Science,2011,32:3240-3246(in Chinese)
• [11]Wu F C,Meng W,Zhao X L,et al.China embarking on development of its own national water quality criteria system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(21):7992-7993
• [12]Yin D Q,Hu S Q,Jin H J,et al.Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,122:217-222
• [13]Jin X W,Zha J M,Xu Y P,et al.Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations(PNEC)for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on Chinese resident species[J].Chemosphere,2012,86:17-23
• [14]Jin X W,Zha J M,Xu Y P,et al.Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration(PNEC)for 2,4-dichlorophenol:Comparing native species data with non-native species data[J].Chemopshere,2011,84:1506-1511
• [15]Wang X N,Yan Z G,Liu Z T,et al.Comparison of species sensitivity distributions for species from China and the USA[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21:168-176
• [16]Caldwell D J,Mastrocco F,Anderson P D,et al.Pre-dicted-no-effect concentrations for the steroid estrogens estrone,17β-estradiol,estriol,and 17α-ethinylestradiol[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2012,31:1396-1406
• [17]Stephan C E,Mount D I,Hansen D J,et al.Guideline for deriving numerical national water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organism and their uses[R].Springfield,VA:National Technical Information Service(NTIS),1985:22-55
• [18]Scheringer M,Steinbach D,Escher B,et al.Probabilistic approaches in the effect assessment of toxic chemicals,what are the benefits and limitations?[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2002,9(5):307-314
• [19]OECD.Guideline for testing of chemicals.Alga,growth inhibition test[S].OECD 201.Paris:OECD,1984
• [20]中华人民共和国环境保护部.GB/T 13266—1991水质、物质对蚤类(大型蚤)急性毒性测试方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护,1991
• [21]中华人民共和国环境保护部.GB/T21281—2007危险化学品鱼类急性毒性分级试验方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护,2007
• [22]US EPA.ECOTOX Database[DB].http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
• [23]雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王子健.生态风险评价理论和方法[J].化学进展,2009,21(2/3):350-358Lei B L,Huang S B,Wang Z J.Theories and methods of ecological risk assessment[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(2/3):350-358(in Chinese)
• [24]雷炳莉,文育,王艺陪,等.不同评估方法得出的五氯酚的PNEC值的比较研究[J].环境科学,2013,34:2335-2343Lei B L,Wen Y,Wang Y P,et al.Comparison of aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations(PNECs)for pentachlorophenol derived from different assessment approaches[J].Environmental Science,2013,34:2335-2343(in Chinese)
• [25]De Laender F,De Schamphelaere K A C,Vanrolleghem P A,et al.Do we have to incorporate ecological interactions in the sensitivity assessment of ecosystems?An examination of a theoretical assumption underlying species sensitivity distribution models[J].Environment International,2008,34(3):390-396
• [26]姜东生,石小荣,崔益斌,等.3种典型污染物对水生生物的急性毒性效应及其水质基准比较[J].环境科学,2014,35:279-285Jiang D S,Shi X R,Cui Y B,et al.Acute toxicity of three typical pollutants to aquatic organisms and their water quality criteria[J].Environmental Science,2014,35:279-285(in Chinese)
• [27]王哲娟.苯,苯酚,硝基苯对泥鳅(Misgurnus bipartius)的急性毒性及抗氧化酶活性影响研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2010Wang Z J.Effect of benzene,phenol and nitrobenzene on Misgurnus bipartitus acute toxicity and antioxidant enzymes activity[D].Harbin:Harbin Normal University,2010(in Chinese)
• [28]赵志刚,张志生,高士祥.硝基苯对3种中国土著水生生物的毒性[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27:54-59Zhao Z G,Zhang Z S,Gao S X.Toxicity of nitrobenzene to three native species of aquatic organisms[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27:54-59(in Chinese)
• [29]李铁军,郭远明,龙矩矩,等.苯酚,苯胺,氯苯和硝基苯对三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus(Miers)的急性毒性研究[J].现代渔业信息,2009,24:15-17Li T J,Guo Y M,Long J J,et al.A study on acute toxicity of phenol aniline,chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene on Portuns trituberculatus(Miers)[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2009,24:15-17(in Chinese)
• [30]Jin X W,Zha J M,Xu Y P,et al.Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to native aquatic species in the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19:609-618
• [31]杨建华,宋维彦.3种重金属离子对中华鳑鲏鱼的急性毒及及安全浓度研究[J].安微农业科学,2010,38:12481-12482,12485Yang J H,Song W Y.Study on acute toxicity and safe concentration of 3 heavy metal ions to Rhodens sinensis Gunther[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2010,38:12481-12482,12485(in Chinese)
• [32]陈辉辉,覃剑晖,刘海超,等.典型重金属、多环芳烃及菊酯类农药对唐鱼的急性毒性效应[J].华中农业大学学报,2011,30:511-515Chen H H,Qin J H,Liu H C,et al.Acute toxicity of representative heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and pyrethroid pesticide to Tanichthys albonubes[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2011,30:511-515(in Chinese)
• [33]曾艳艺,赖子尼,杨婉玲,等.铜和镉对珠江天然仔鱼和幼鱼的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(1):49-55Zeng Y Y,Lai Z N,Yang W L,et al.The toxicities and potential ecological effects of copper and cadmium to natural fish larvae and juveniles from the Pearl River[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(1):49-55(in Chinese)
• [34]杨丽华,方展强,郑文彪.重金属对鲫鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003(2):101-106Yang L H,Fang Z Q,Zheng W B.Safety assessment and acute toxicity of heavy metals to crucian Carssius auratus[J].Journal of South China Normal University,2003(2):101-106(in Chinese)
• [35]Aldenberg T,Slob W.Confidence limits for hazardous concentrations based on log-logistically distributed NOEC toxicity data[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1993,25:48-63