不同测试方法评估48%毒死蜱乳油对玉米田施药者的人体暴露风险Risk Assessment of Applicator Dermal Exposures to Chlorpyrifos by Applying Different Monitoring Methodology in Maize Cultivation
安雪花;王星;张文萍;关文碧;吕露;吴声敢;柳新菊;赵学平;陶传江;蔡磊明;
摘要(Abstract):
本研究选取3种不同暴露环境,分别为玉米株高达到施药者膝盖左右(暴露环境1)、达到施药者腰部左右(暴露环境2)和高于施药者身高(暴露环境3),采用手动背负式喷雾器,在这3种暴露环境中施喷48%毒死蜱乳油(EC,稀释500倍),通过贴片法和全身整体测试法(whole body dosimetry,WBD)分析了施药者农药皮肤暴露量(dermal exposure,DE)。依据试验结果,发现在暴露环境1和2中,2种测试方法的农药潜在皮肤暴露量(potential dermal exposure,PDE)无显著性差异,但在暴露环境3中,2种测试方法的PDE之间存在显著性差异(LSD0.05=57.9);对施药者的主要暴露部位进行分析,发现在暴露环境1和暴露环境2中2种测试方法的暴露部位类似,但在暴露环境3中显示,贴片法为手部,全身测试法为上半身(头、颈、前胸、后背及手臂)。使用全身测试法测定PDE同时测定直接皮肤暴露量(actual dermal exposure,ADE),并利用ADE和PDE计算外穿防护服(运动服)渗透率的结果,3种暴露环境分别为4.69%、5.19%和5.54%,比通常假设的防护服或工作服的10%渗透率小。
关键词(KeyWords): 毒死蜱;施药者;皮肤暴露;贴片法;全身测试法
基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY16B070007)
作者(Authors): 安雪花;王星;张文萍;关文碧;吕露;吴声敢;柳新菊;赵学平;陶传江;蔡磊明;
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